β-Endorphin (beta-endorphin) is an endogenous opioid neuropeptide and peptide hormone that is produced in certain neurons within the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. It is one of three endorphins that are produced in humans, the others being α-endorphin and γ-endorphin.
There are multiple forms of β-endorphins with the full sequence of Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu (31 amino acids) denoted as β-endorphin(1-31) and variants truncated to the first 26 and 27 amino acids as β-endorphin(1-26) and β-endorphin(1-27). However, β-endorphin(1-31) is the only form that possess a potent analgesic effect and it is the primary form located in the anterior pituitary gland, and regions such as the hypothalamus, midbrain, and amygdala. The first 16 amino acids are identical to α-endorphin. β-Endorphin is considered to be a part of the endogenous opioid and endorphin classes of neuropeptides; all of the established endogenous opioid peptides contain the same N-terminal amino acid sequence, Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe, followed by either -Met or -Leu.
Function of β-endorphin has been known to be associated with hunger, thrill, pain, maternal care, sexual behavior, and reward cognition. In the broadest sense, β-endorphin is primarily utilized in the body to reduce stress and maintain homeostasis. In behavioral research, studies have shown that β-endorphin is released via volume transmission into the ventricular system in response to a variety of stimuli, and novel stimuli in particular.
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InChI=1S/C23H38N7O17P3S/c1- 12(31) 51- 7- 6- 25- 14(32) 4- 5- 26- 21(35) 18(34) 23(2,3) 9- 44- 50(41,42) 47- 49(39,40) 43- 8- 13- 17(46- 48(36,37) 38) 16(33) 22(45- 13) 30- 11- 29- 15- 19(24) 27- 10- 28- 20(15) 30/h10- 11,13,16- 18,22,33- 34H,4- 9H2,1- 3H3,(H,25,32) (H,26,35) (H,39,40) (H,41,42) (H2,24,27,28) (H2,36,37,38) /t13- ,16- ,17- ,18+,22- /m1/s1 |
ZSLZBFCDCINBPY-ZSJPKINUSA-N |
CC(=O) SCCNC(=O) CCNC(=O) [C@H] (O) C(C) (C) COP(O) (=O) OP(O) (=O) OC[C@H] 1O[C@H] ([C@H] (O) [C@@H] 1OP(O) (O) =O) n1cnc2c(N) ncnc12 |
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Mus musculus
(NCBI:txid10090)
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Source: BioModels - MODEL1507180067
See:
PubMed
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Escherichia coli
(NCBI:txid562)
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See:
PubMed
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acyl donor
Any donor that can transfer acyl groups between molecular entities.
(via acyl-CoA )
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fundamental metabolite
Any metabolite produced by all living cells.
effector
A small molecule which increases (activator) or decreases (inhibitor) the activity of an (allosteric) enzyme by binding to the enzyme at the regulatory site (which is different from the substrate-binding catalytic site).
coenzyme
A low-molecular-weight, non-protein organic compound participating in enzymatic reactions as dissociable acceptor or donor of chemical groups or electrons.
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View more via ChEBI Ontology
3'- phosphoadenosine 5'- (3- {(3R)- 4- [(3- {[2- (acetylsulfanyl)ethyl]amino}- 3- oxopropyl)amino]- 3- hydroxy- 2,2- dimethyl- 4- oxobutyl} dihydrogen diphosphate)
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AcCoA
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ChEBI
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Acetyl coenzyme A
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KEGG COMPOUND
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Acetyl-CoA
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KEGG COMPOUND
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S-acetyl-CoA
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ChEBI
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S-acetyl-coenzyme A
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ChEBI
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72-89-9
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CAS Registry Number
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KEGG COMPOUND
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72-89-9
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CAS Registry Number
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ChemIDplus
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78145
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Reaxys Registry Number
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Reaxys
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12527305
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PubMed citation
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Europe PMC
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12739170
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Europe PMC
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15247244
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Europe PMC
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16101314
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Europe PMC
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16667687
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Europe PMC
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16708165
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Europe PMC
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17189273
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Europe PMC
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17242360
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Europe PMC
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17631502
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Europe PMC
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18613815
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Europe PMC
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19356710
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Europe PMC
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19596230
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Europe PMC
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19914586
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Europe PMC
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3950616
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