| Atrazine ( A-trə-zeen) is a chlorinated herbicide of the triazine class. It is used to prevent pre-emergence broadleaf weeds in crops such as maize (corn), soybean and sugarcane and on turf, such as golf courses and residential lawns. Atrazine's primary manufacturer is Syngenta and it is one of the most widely used herbicides in the United States, Canadian, and Australian agriculture. Its use was banned in the European Union in 2004, when the EU found groundwater levels exceeding the limits set by regulators, and Syngenta could not show that this could be prevented nor that these levels were safe.
At least two significant Canadian farm well studies showed that atrazine was the most common contaminant found. As of 2001, atrazine was the most commonly detected pesticide contaminating drinking water in the U.S.: 44 Studies suggest it is an endocrine disruptor, an agent that can alter the natural hormonal system. However, in 2006 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) had stated that under the Food Quality Protection Act "the risks associated with the pesticide residues pose a reasonable certainty of no harm", and in 2007, the EPA said that atrazine does not adversely affect amphibian sexual development and that no additional testing was warranted. The EPA's 2009 review concluded that "the agency's scientific bases for its regulation of atrazine are robust and ensure prevention of exposure levels that could lead to reproductive effects in humans". However, in their 2016 Refined Ecological Risk Assessment for Atrazine, it was stated that "it is difficult to make definitive conclusions about the impact of atrazine at a given concentration but multiple studies have reported effects to various endpoints at environmentally-relevant concentrations." EPA started a registration review in 2013.
The EPA's review has been criticized, and the safety of atrazine remains controversial. EPA has however stated that "If at any time EPA determines there are urgent human or environmental risks from atrazine exposure that require prompt attention, we will take appropriate regulatory action, regardless of the status of the registration review process." |
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InChI=1S/C28H48O2/c1- 20(2)11-8-12-21(3)13-9-14-22(4)15-10-17-28(7)18-16-25-24(6)26(29)19-23(5)27(25)30-28/h19-22,29H,8-18H2,1-7H3/t21-,22-,28-/m1/s1 |
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| CC(C)CCC[C@@H](C)CCC[C@@H](C)CCC[C@]1(C)CCc2c(C)c(O)cc(C)c2O1 |
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Quercus rubra
(NCBI:txid3512)
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See:
DOI
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Quercus robur
(NCBI:txid38942)
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See:
DOI
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Panax ginseng
(NCBI:txid4054)
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From MetaboLights
See:
MetaboLights Study
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Helianthus annuus
(NCBI:txid4232)
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Found in
seed
(PO:0009010).
See:
DOI
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Homo sapiens
(NCBI:txid9606)
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See:
DOI
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Homo sapiens
(NCBI:txid9606)
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Found in
blood
(UBERON:0000178).
See:
PubMed
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antioxidant
A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides.
(via vitamin E )
(via tocol )
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plant metabolite
Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms.
food component
A physiological role played by any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants.
fat-soluble vitamin (role)
Any vitamin that dissolves in fats and are stored in body tissues. Unlike the water-soluble vitamins, they are stored in the body for long periods of time and generally pose a greater risk for toxicity when consumed in excess.
(via vitamin E )
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View more via ChEBI Ontology
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(2R)-2,5,8-trimethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-ol
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|
(2R)-2,5,8-trimethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol
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IUPAC
|
|
(2R)-3,4-dihydro-2,5,8-trimethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol
|
ChemIDplus
|
|
(2R,4'R,8'R)-β-tocopherol
|
ChEBI
|
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(R,R,R)-β-tocopherol
|
ChEBI
|
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5,8-dimethyltocol
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ChEBI
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beta-Tocopherol
|
KEGG COMPOUND
|
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β-tocopherol
|
UniProt
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RRR-β-tocopherol
|
ChEBI
|
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148-03-8
|
CAS Registry Number
|
KEGG COMPOUND
|
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16698-35-4
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CAS Registry Number
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ChemIDplus
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93070
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Beilstein Registry Number
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Beilstein
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93070
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Reaxys Registry Number
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Reaxys
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11390183
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Europe PMC
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16746572
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