| Nitric acid is an inorganic compound with the formula HNO3. It is a highly corrosive mineral acid. The compound is colorless, but samples tend to acquire a yellow cast over time due to decomposition into oxides of nitrogen. Most commercially available nitric acid has a concentration of 68% in water. When the solution contains more than 86% HNO3, it is referred to as fuming nitric acid. Depending on the amount of nitrogen dioxide present, fuming nitric acid is further characterized as red fuming nitric acid at concentrations above 86%, or white fuming nitric acid at concentrations above 95%.
Nitric acid is the primary reagent used for nitration – the addition of a nitro group, typically to an organic molecule. While some resulting nitro compounds are shock- and thermally-sensitive explosives, a few are stable enough to be used in munitions and demolition, while others are still more stable and used as synthetic dyes and medicines (e.g. metronidazole). Nitric acid is also commonly used as a strong oxidizing agent. |
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| InChI=1S/HNO3/c2-1(3)4/h(H,2,3,4) |
| GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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protic solvent
A polar solvent that is capable of acting as a hydron (proton) donor.
inorganic acid
A Bronsted acid derived from one or more inorganic compounds. Inorganic acids (also known as mineral acids) form hydrons and conjugate base ions when dissolved in water.
(via pnictogen oxoacid )
Bronsted acid
A molecular entity capable of donating a hydron to an acceptor (Bronsted base).
(via oxoacid )
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protic solvent
A polar solvent that is capable of acting as a hydron (proton) donor.
reagent
A substance used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances.
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View more via ChEBI Ontology
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hydrogen trioxonitrate(1−)
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hydroxidodioxidonitrogen
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trioxonitric acid
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[NO2(OH)]
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IUPAC
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acide azotique
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ChEBI
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acide nitrique
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ChemIDplus
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azotic acid
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ChemIDplus
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HNO3
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IUPAC
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HONO2
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NIST Chemistry WebBook
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hydrogen nitrate
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NIST Chemistry WebBook
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Nitric acid
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KEGG COMPOUND
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Salpetersäure
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ChemIDplus
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1576
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Gmelin Registry Number
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Gmelin
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3587310
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Reaxys Registry Number
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Reaxys
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7697-37-2
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CAS Registry Number
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ChemIDplus
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7697-37-2
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CAS Registry Number
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NIST Chemistry WebBook
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Kelly DG, White SD, Weir RD (2013)
Elemental composition of dog foods using nitric acid and simulated gastric digestions.
Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 55, 568-577 [PubMed:23402861]
[show Abstract]
Eighteen dry dog foods obtained commercially in the United States were digested using microwave assisted nitric acid digestion and a simulated gastric digestion. Digests were analysed for 23 elements using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Data, expressed as dry matter concentrations, were compared to published nitric acid digestion results. Nitric acid data obtained in the present study were not statistically different from published data, with the exception of Mo, Sn, Sb, Tl and Th. However, significant differences in individual intra-sample results were observed between published studies and the present work. Simulated gastric digestions demonstrated lower extraction efficiencies (<50% nitric acid digestions) that were statistically significant. Much lower bioavailability was observed for Al, Ba and Pb. In general, elemental concentrations were determined to be lower than the appropriate Mineral Tolerance Limit or consistent with background concentrations in foodstuffs. Evaluation against Reference Doses (RfDs) showed concentrations for many elements obtained by nitric acid digestion to be above RfD levels. However, the respective simulated gastric digestion data were below or only moderately elevated above RfDs. Only arsenic displayed median and maximum concentrations at factors of five and ten above the relevant RfD. | Smith TN, Hash K, Davey CL, Mills H, Williams H, Kiely DE (2012)
Modifications in the nitric acid oxidation of D-glucose.
Carbohydrate research 350, 6-13 [PubMed:22285512]
[show Abstract]
The nitric acid oxidation of D-glucose was reinvestigated in an effort to better understand and improve the oxidation and subsequent work up steps. The oxidation was carried out using a computer controlled reactor employing a closed reaction flask under an atmosphere of oxygen which allowed for a catalytic oxidation process with oxygen as the terminal oxidant. Removal of nitric acid from product included the use of both diffusion dialysis and nanofiltration methodologies. Product analysis protocols were developed using ion chromatography. |
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