CHEBI:15377 - water

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ChEBI Name water
ChEBI ID CHEBI:15377
Definition An oxygen hydride consisting of an oxygen atom that is covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms
Stars This entity has been manually annotated by the ChEBI Team.
Secondary ChEBI IDs CHEBI:5585, CHEBI:42857, CHEBI:42043, CHEBI:44292, CHEBI:44819, CHEBI:43228, CHEBI:44701, CHEBI:10743, CHEBI:13352, CHEBI:27313
Supplier Information ChemicalBook:CB6875459, eMolecules:36366750, ZINC000008215403
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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme central to metabolism. Found in all living cells, NAD is called a dinucleotide because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine nucleobase and the other, nicotinamide. NAD exists in two forms: an oxidized and reduced form, abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH (H for hydrogen), respectively. In cellular metabolism, NAD is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another, so it is found in two forms: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent, accepting electrons from other molecules and becoming reduced; with H+, this reaction forms NADH, which can be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. It is also used in other cellular processes, most notably as a substrate of enzymes in adding or removing chemical groups to or from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery. In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from either tryptophan or aspartic acid, each a case of an amino acid. Alternatively, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from nutritive compounds such as nicotinic acid; similar compounds are produced by reactions that break down the structure of NAD, providing a salvage pathway that recycles them back into their respective active form. Some NAD is converted into the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), whose chemistry largely parallels that of NAD, though its predominant role is as a coenzyme in anabolic metabolism. In the name NAD+, the superscripted plus sign indicates the positive formal charge on one of its nitrogen atoms. A biological coenzyme that acts as an electron carrier in enzymatic reactions. NADP is a reducing agent in anabolic reactions like the Calvin cycle and lipid and nucleic acid syntheses. NADP exists in two forms: NADP+, the oxidized form, and NADPH, the reduced form. NADP is similar to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), but NADP has a phosphate group at the C-2′ position of the adenosyl.
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Formula H2O
Net Charge 0
Average Mass 18.01530
Monoisotopic Mass 18.01056
InChI InChI=1S/H2O/h1H2
InChIKey XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES [H]O[H]
Metabolite of Species Details
Mus musculus (NCBI:txid10090) Source: BioModels - MODEL1507180067 See: PubMed
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NCBI:txid4932) Source: yeast.sf.net See: PubMed
Escherichia coli (NCBI:txid562) See: PubMed
Homo sapiens (NCBI:txid9606) See: DOI
Roles Classification
Chemical Role(s): amphiprotic solvent
Self-ionizing solvent possessing both characteristics of Bronsted acids and bases.
greenhouse gas
A gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range, so contributing to the 'greenhouse effect'.
Biological Role(s): Escherichia coli metabolite
Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae ).
human metabolite
Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens).
mouse metabolite
Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus).
Application(s): amphiprotic solvent
Self-ionizing solvent possessing both characteristics of Bronsted acids and bases.
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ChEBI Ontology
Outgoing water (CHEBI:15377) has role Escherichia coli metabolite (CHEBI:76971)
water (CHEBI:15377) has role Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite (CHEBI:75772)
water (CHEBI:15377) has role amphiprotic solvent (CHEBI:48360)
water (CHEBI:15377) has role greenhouse gas (CHEBI:76413)
water (CHEBI:15377) has role human metabolite (CHEBI:77746)
water (CHEBI:15377) has role mouse metabolite (CHEBI:75771)
water (CHEBI:15377) is a inorganic hydroxy compound (CHEBI:52625)
water (CHEBI:15377) is a mononuclear parent hydride (CHEBI:37176)
water (CHEBI:15377) is a oxygen hydride (CHEBI:33693)
water (CHEBI:15377) is conjugate acid of hydroxide (CHEBI:16234)
water (CHEBI:15377) is conjugate base of oxonium (CHEBI:29412)
Incoming calcium ammonium nitrate (CHEBI:91238) has part water (CHEBI:15377)
hydrate (CHEBI:35505) has part water (CHEBI:15377)
methane clathrate (CHEBI:132140) has part water (CHEBI:15377)
royal jelly (CHEBI:78665) has part water (CHEBI:15377)
urea ammonium nitrate (CHEBI:88276) has part water (CHEBI:15377)
(18O)water (CHEBI:33813) is a water (CHEBI:15377)
deuterium hydrogen oxide (CHEBI:33806) is a water (CHEBI:15377)
dideuterium oxide (CHEBI:41981) is a water (CHEBI:15377)
diprotium oxide (CHEBI:29375) is a water (CHEBI:15377)
ditritium oxide (CHEBI:29374) is a water (CHEBI:15377)
hydrogen tritium oxide (CHEBI:33811) is a water (CHEBI:15377)
oxonium (CHEBI:29412) is conjugate acid of water (CHEBI:15377)
hydroxide (CHEBI:16234) is conjugate base of water (CHEBI:15377)
IUPAC Names
oxidane
water
Synonyms Sources
[OH2] IUPAC
acqua ChEBI
agua ChEBI
aqua ChEBI
BOUND WATER PDBeChem
dihydridooxygen IUPAC
dihydrogen oxide IUPAC
eau ChEBI
H2O KEGG COMPOUND
H2O UniProt
HOH ChEBI
hydrogen hydroxide ChEBI
Wasser ChEBI
WATER PDBeChem
Water KEGG COMPOUND
Manual Xrefs Databases
1 MolBase
C00001 KEGG COMPOUND
D00001 KEGG DRUG
HMDB0002111 HMDB
HOH PDBeChem
Water Wikipedia
WATER MetaCyc
View more database links
Registry Numbers Types Sources
117 Gmelin Registry Number Gmelin
3587155 Reaxys Registry Number Reaxys
7732-18-5 CAS Registry Number KEGG COMPOUND
7732-18-5 CAS Registry Number NIST Chemistry WebBook
7732-18-5 CAS Registry Number ChemIDplus
Last Modified
28 June 2022