| Serotonin (), also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a monoamine neurotransmitter with a wide range of functions in both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral tissues. It is involved in mood, cognition, reward, learning, memory, and physiological processes such as vomiting and vasoconstriction. In the CNS, serotonin regulates mood, appetite, and sleep.
Most of the body's serotonin—about 90%—is synthesized in the gastrointestinal tract by enterochromaffin cells, where it regulates intestinal movements. It is also produced in smaller amounts in the brainstem's raphe nuclei, the skin's Merkel cells, pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, and taste receptor cells of the tongue. Once secreted, serotonin is taken up by platelets in the blood, which release it during clotting to promote vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation. Around 8% of the body's serotonin is stored in platelets, and 1–2% is found in the CNS.
Serotonin acts as both a vasoconstrictor and vasodilator depending on concentration and context, influencing hemostasis and blood pressure regulation. It plays a role in stimulating myenteric neurons and enhancing gastrointestinal motility through uptake and release cycles in platelets and surrounding tissue. Biochemically, serotonin is an indoleamine synthesized from tryptophan and metabolized primarily in the liver to 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA).
Serotonin is targeted by several classes of antidepressants, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), which block reabsorption in the synapse to elevate its levels. It is found in nearly all bilateral animals, including insects and worms, and also occurs in fungi and plants. In plants and insect venom, it serves a defensive function by inducing pain. Serotonin released by pathogenic amoebae may cause diarrhea in the human gut, while its presence in seeds and fruits is thought to stimulate digestion and facilitate seed dispersal. |
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| InChI=1S/C9H9NO3/c11-8(12)6-10-9(13)7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5H,6H2,(H,10,13)(H,11,12) |
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Bronsted acid
A molecular entity capable of donating a hydron to an acceptor (Bronsted base).
(via oxoacid )
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uremic toxin
A toxin that accumulates in patients with chronic kidney disease.
human blood serum metabolite
Any metabolite (endogenous or exogenous) found in human blood serum samples.
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View more via ChEBI Ontology
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Outgoing
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N-benzoylglycine
(CHEBI:18089)
has role
human blood serum metabolite
(CHEBI:85234)
N-benzoylglycine
(CHEBI:18089)
has role
uremic toxin
(CHEBI:64584)
N-benzoylglycine
(CHEBI:18089)
is a
N-acylglycine
(CHEBI:16180)
N-benzoylglycine
(CHEBI:18089)
is conjugate acid of
N-benzoylglycinate
(CHEBI:606565)
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Incoming
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α-hydroxyhippuric acid
(CHEBI:68451)
has functional parent
N-benzoylglycine
(CHEBI:18089)
2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoylserine dimer
(CHEBI:197975)
has functional parent
N-benzoylglycine
(CHEBI:18089)
2-[(2-Aminobenzoyl)amino]propanoic acid
(CHEBI:182145)
has functional parent
N-benzoylglycine
(CHEBI:18089)
2-[(4-methoxyphenyl)formamido]acetic acid
(CHEBI:189793)
has functional parent
N-benzoylglycine
(CHEBI:18089)
2-Aminohippuric acid
(CHEBI:165184)
has functional parent
N-benzoylglycine
(CHEBI:18089)
2-{[(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}acetic acid
(CHEBI:168859)
has functional parent
N-benzoylglycine
(CHEBI:18089)
2-{[hydroxy(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]amino}acetic acid
(CHEBI:189893)
has functional parent
N-benzoylglycine
(CHEBI:18089)
2-{[hydroxy(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]amino}acetic acid
(CHEBI:169106)
has functional parent
N-benzoylglycine
(CHEBI:18089)
2-{[hydroxy(2-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]amino}acetic acid
(CHEBI:189758)
has functional parent
N-benzoylglycine
(CHEBI:18089)
2-{[hydroxy(3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]amino}acetic acid
(CHEBI:189778)
has functional parent
N-benzoylglycine
(CHEBI:18089)
m-hydroxyhippuric acid
(CHEBI:70824)
has functional parent
N-benzoylglycine
(CHEBI:18089)
m-methylhippuric acid
(CHEBI:68500)
has functional parent
N-benzoylglycine
(CHEBI:18089)
p-hydroxyhippuric acid
(CHEBI:71018)
has functional parent
N-benzoylglycine
(CHEBI:18089)
Inducamide A
(CHEBI:219064)
has functional parent
N-benzoylglycine
(CHEBI:18089)
Inducamide B
(CHEBI:219072)
has functional parent
N-benzoylglycine
(CHEBI:18089)
Kaitocephalin
(CHEBI:216599)
has functional parent
N-benzoylglycine
(CHEBI:18089)
m-Chloro-hippuric acid
(CHEBI:176504)
has functional parent
N-benzoylglycine
(CHEBI:18089)
m-Trifluoromethylhippuric acid
(CHEBI:185887)
has functional parent
N-benzoylglycine
(CHEBI:18089)
Madurastatin B2
(CHEBI:182135)
has functional parent
N-benzoylglycine
(CHEBI:18089)
Methenamine hippurate
(CHEBI:6825)
has functional parent
N-benzoylglycine
(CHEBI:18089)
methyl hippurate
(CHEBI:70869)
has functional parent
N-benzoylglycine
(CHEBI:18089)
N,N',N''-Tris(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-O-L-seryl-O-L-seryl L-serine
(CHEBI:182161)
has functional parent
N-benzoylglycine
(CHEBI:18089)
N2,N6-bis(2,3-Dihydroxybenzoyl)-L-lysine
(CHEBI:165185)
has functional parent
N-benzoylglycine
(CHEBI:18089)
QMH
(CHEBI:228410)
has functional parent
N-benzoylglycine
(CHEBI:18089)
sivelestat
(CHEBI:135704)
has functional parent
N-benzoylglycine
(CHEBI:18089)
Sivelestat sodium hydrate
(CHEBI:32133)
has functional parent
N-benzoylglycine
(CHEBI:18089)
sodium 2-(125I)iodohippurate
(CHEBI:134739)
has functional parent
N-benzoylglycine
(CHEBI:18089)
sodium 2-(131I)iodohippurate
(CHEBI:134740)
has functional parent
N-benzoylglycine
(CHEBI:18089)
N-benzoylglycinate
(CHEBI:606565)
is conjugate base of
N-benzoylglycine
(CHEBI:18089)
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Benzamidoacetic acid
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ChemIDplus
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Benzamidoessigsäure
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ChemIDplus
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Benzoylaminoacetic acid
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KEGG COMPOUND
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Benzoylaminoessigsäure
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ChemIDplus
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Hippurate
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KEGG COMPOUND
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Hippuric acid
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KEGG COMPOUND
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Hippursäure
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ChemIDplus
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N-benzoylglycine
|
ChEBI
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N-Benzoylglycine
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KEGG COMPOUND
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Phenylcarbonylaminoacetic acid
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ChemIDplus
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1073987
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Reaxys Registry Number
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Reaxys
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495-69-2
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CAS Registry Number
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KEGG COMPOUND
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495-69-2
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CAS Registry Number
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NIST Chemistry WebBook
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495-69-2
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CAS Registry Number
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ChemIDplus
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14646363
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PubMed citation
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Europe PMC
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15879000
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PubMed citation
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Europe PMC
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16760132
|
PubMed citation
|
Europe PMC
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17190852
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PubMed citation
|
Europe PMC
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19283696
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PubMed citation
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Europe PMC
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19891605
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PubMed citation
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Europe PMC
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20405919
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PubMed citation
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Europe PMC
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22770225
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PubMed citation
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Europe PMC
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7153346
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PubMed citation
|
Europe PMC
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8734460
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PubMed citation
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Europe PMC
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9120876
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PubMed citation
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Europe PMC
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9609721
|
PubMed citation
|
Europe PMC
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