KEGG   ENZYME: 2.5.1.44
Entry
EC 2.5.1.44                 Enzyme                                 
Name
homospermidine synthase;
putrescine:putrescine 4-aminobutyltransferase (ammonia-forming)
Class
Transferases;
Transferring alkyl or aryl groups, other than methyl groups;
Transferring alkyl or aryl groups, other than methyl groups (only sub-subclass identified to date)
Sysname
putrescine/spermidine:putrescine 4-aminobutyltransferase
Reaction(IUBMB)
(1) 2 putrescine = sym-homospermidine + NH3 [RN:R00018];
(2) spermidine + putrescine = sym-homospermidine + propane-1,3-diamine [RN:R01919]
Reaction(KEGG)
R00018 R01919
Substrate
putrescine [CPD:C00134];
spermidine [CPD:C00315]
Product
sym-homospermidine [CPD:C06366];
NH3 [CPD:C00014];
propane-1,3-diamine [CPD:C00986]
Comment
The reaction of this bacterial enzyme occurs in three steps, with some of the intermediates presumably remaining enzyme-bound: (a) NAD+-dependent dehydrogenation of either putrescine or spermidine, forming 4-iminobutan-1-amine or (E)-(4-aminobutylidene)(3-aminopropyl)amine, respectively, (b) attack by water forming 4-aminobutanal (and releasing ammonia or propane-1,3-diamine, respectively), and (c) condensation of 4-aminobutanal with putrescine, which forms homospermidine and restores NAD+. Differs from the eukaryotic enzyme EC 2.5.1.45, homospermidine synthase (spermidine-specific), which cannot use putrescine as donor of the aminobutyl group.
History
EC 2.5.1.44 created 1999, modified 2001
Pathway
ec00960  Tropane, piperidine and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis
ec01110  Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
Orthology
K00808  homospermidine synthase
Genes
PAUPA14_35790
PAPPSPA7_3061
PDKPADK2_14350
PAESSCV20265_3124
PAEUBN889_06565
PSTPSPTO_1868(hss)
PCABJGS08_18400
PSKU771_27265
PCZPCL1606_20560
PSEMTO66_21620
PANRA7J50_5695
PGYAWU82_09615
PLALFXN65_20085
PBZGN234_14235
PMOEHV782_012770
PPIIQL104_16095
PHVHU739_006560
PPRGHU725_014355
PALVKSS97_11045
PCASLOY40_10525
PKKQQ992_22785
PCUCPSH97_15205
PRHZCRX69_19075
PAGRE2H98_02645
SAZSama_3337
SKHSTH12_03268(hss)
SLITJQC75_17140
SZHK0H63_18270
AMAAamad1_21553
AMALI607_20267
AMAEI876_01355
AMAOI634_01455
AMAII635_21559
ASIPAQUSIP_02550(hss_1)
LPNlpg2495(hss)
LPHLPV_2823
LPOLPO_2687
LPULPE509_00564
LPMLP6_2525(hss)
LPFlpl2416
LPPlpp2562
LPCLPC_1979(hss)
LPAlpa_03638
LPElp12_2487
LLOLLO_3342(hss)
LHALHA_0258(hss) LHA_0415(hss)
LOKLoa_01233
LCDclem_13100(hss_1) clem_13880(hss_3)
LSHCAB17_03525
LLG44548918_00308(hss)
LIBE4T55_03340
LJRNCTC11533_00329(hss)
LCJNCTC11976_00392(hss)
LWASAMEA4504053_0567(hss)
LADLNCTC12735_00269(hss)
LANTTUM19329_16130(hss)
LCADPXX05_11655
TMCLMI_1387(hss)
BLEPAL038_04755
SDFACG33_08725
CHICN8I74_00195
REHH16_A0043(hss)
CUHBJN34_00200
CTIRALTA_A0009 RALTA_A1622(hss)
CBWRR42_s2132
CGDCR3_2929(hss)
CCAXKZ686_03855
CNANA2G96_01415 A2G96_12370
BUQAC233_06405
BGEBC1002_6757
PGPCUJ91_06900 CUJ91_28930
PTSCUJ90_11575
VAPVapar_2012
CBXCenrod_1499(hss)
PBHAAW51_2240(hss)
OFOBRW83_1089(hss)
OVBNB640_00525
OALNB647_07440
NOKFAY22_19570
ETBN7L95_04885
BBAGE1O_25610
NEUNE1498(hss)
NIINit79A3_1512
NCOAAW31_08255
NMUNmul_A1700
NIZNNRS527_01914
DDZDSYM_00170 DSYM_22190
MLOmlr3014
MLNA9174_09790 A9174_34240
MCIMesci_1890
MCICA4R28_17215
MOPMesop_1937
MAMMesau_01949
MAMOA6B35_27880
MESWA9K65_009875
MESMEJ066_02135
MESPC1M53_18010
MHUAMCHK_4530
MJREB229_09955
MERDEB233_10230
MESRFGU64_09170
MOHIHQ72_10290
MMEILRP31_11785
MESOBSQ44_21705
MESMeso_2727
CHEAPVE73_05255
HOEIMCC20628_00379
AAKAA2016_2036
AMIHCO731_02153(hss)
AMISAmn_42960
ANJAMD1_2034(hss)
PHTBLM14_03010
PHYLHB779_20245
NIYFQ775_21650
NKIKW403_03755
NRHT8J41_10635
PLAPlav_1354
PMOBHG718_15435
SMESMc04016(hss)
SMKSinme_2855
SMQSinmeB_2631
SMXSM11_chr2965(hss)
SMIBN406_02658(hss)
SMEGC770_GR4Chr2927
SMELSM2011_c04016(hss)
SMERDU99_15480
SMDSmed_2688
RHINGR_c28470
SFHSFHH103_02857
SFDUSDA257_c52690(hss)
SIXBSY16_3876
SAMESAMCFNEI73_Ch3223(hss)
SINOSS05631_c32570
ESJSJ05684_c28230
EAKEKH55_2761
EMXFKV68_17790
ENUPYH37_005358
EGIPZN02_001758
SKMPZL22_003104
STEGQA637_14200
EADOV14_0297
EAHFA04_15185
ECAAJ3R84_15070
ENPJVX98_25145
ATUAtu3768
ATAAWN88_07905
AGRAGROH133_12138
ATFAch5_35600
AGCBSY240_3983
AGTEYD00_17280
ALFCFBP5473_03215
ARUIG6M88_05320
AVQHRR99_12215
AVVRvVAT039_10180(hss)
AVFRvVAR031_30100(hss)
ASALCFBP5507_20230
RIRBN877_II0721(hss)
RPUSCFBP5875_17450
ACUCKZ699_18710
ALEGCFBP4996_18755
AVIAvi_3707
RETRHE_CH03553(hss)
RECRHECIAT_CH0003806(hss)
RELREMIM1_CH03624(hss)
REPIE4803_CH03928(hss)
REIIE4771_CH03866(hss)
RLERL4073(hss)
RLTRleg2_3300
RLGRleg_3602
RLBRLEG3_29065
RLURLEG12_27945
RTRRTCIAT899_CH15075
RHLLPU83_3541(hss)
RGARGR602_CH03450(hss)
RHNAMJ98_CH03777(hss)
RPHAAMC79_CH03729(hss)
RHXAMK02_CH03666(hss)
RHVBA939_23175
RHKKim5_CH03896(hss)
REZAMJ99_CH03830(hss)
RJGCCGE525_17455
RHRCKA34_17925
RGRFZ934_13340
RADCO657_16980
ROYG3A56_20805
RIIFFM53_016835
RHIDFFM81_003220
RBQJ2J99_18835
RLNJ0663_05655
RBANJ2J98_18075
RRGJ3P73_21045
RLSHB780_21605
RROSD4A92_00980
RAWNE851_29530
RSULN2599_14725
RLWRlegWSM1455_18220
RRHOPR018_11830
RTUPR017_11950
RCTPYR68_16260
ARAArad_3814(hss)
AROB0909_19720
RBWRLCC275e_18435
RIFU5G49_003688
NGLRG1141_CH29930
NGGRG540_CH30680
NEOCYG48_10950
NENNCHU2750_27630(hss)
NPMQEO92_16715
RHTNT26_2725(hss)
RFVRFYW14_02813
SHZshn_15290
SZOK8M09_13720
SOJK6301_11800
SSUMQ9314_14760
ABAWD5400_19570
PDESFE840_000200
KAIK32_36650(hss)
BMEBMEII0015 BMEII0016
BMELDK63_2103(hss)
BMZBM28_B0080
BMGBM590_B0080
BMWBMNI_II0076
BMEEDK62_2173(hss)
BMFBAB2_0077
BMBBruAb2_0078
BMCBAbS19_II00720
BAABAA13334_II00332
BABODK55_3182(hss)
BABRDO74_2368(hss)
BABTDK49_2186(hss)
BABBDK48_2615(hss)
BABUDK53_3056(hss)
BABSDK51_2540(hss)
BABCDO78_3101(hss)
BMSBRA0078
BSIBS1330_II0078
BSFBSS2_II0077
BSUIBSSP1_II0046
BSUPBSPT1_II0046
BSUVBSPT2_II0046
BSUCBSSP2_II0046
BMTBSUIS_B0083
BSZDK67_2110(hss)
BSVBSVBI22_B0078
BSWIY71_11495
BSGIY72_11035
BOVBOV_A0073
BCSBCAN_B0081(hss)
BSKBCA52141_II1121
BOLBCOUA_II0078
BCARDK60_2965(hss)
BCASDA85_10890
BMRBMI_II80
BPPBPI_II80
BPVDK65_2381(hss)
BCETV910_200016
BCEEV568_200017
BVLBF3285c2_0718
BRUBFS01_10775
BRJBKD03_01175
OINIAR37_14620
BIOBR141012304_21119
OANOant_4263
OAHDR92_3986(hss)
OPSA8A54_11510
BPSNNIK97_16620
OCHCES85_5524(hss)
OCRHGK82_14495
OCLGTN27_13545
BJAblr7762(blr7762)
BJUBJ6T_16160
BJPRN69_07980
BRABRADO6264(hss)
BBTBBta_1345(hss)
BRSS23_63280
AOLS58_64330
BRCBCCGELA001_05545
BRADBF49_3189
BICLMTR13_34025
BROBRAD285_6208(hss)
BRKCWS35_01215
BOTCIT37_16915
BRQCIT40_03165
BGQX265_32610
BGZXH91_31040
BSYMCIT39_01575
BBETF8237_10985
BARHWN72_43600
BVZBRAD3257_0996(hss)
BELBE61_85840
BDGLPJ38_09685
BSEPHAP48_0021025
BQBJ4P68_0013065
BSEIKMZ68_22710
BBANJ4G43_007410
BCANBcanWSM471_33710
BAUTQA635_37075
BBRAQA636_38165
BGKIC762_05500
BCOUIC761_32600
BPAHQA639_36585
BXNI3J27_05065
BROSQUH67_30915
BRAZLRP30_04380
RPATX73_004460
RPBRPB_4552
RPCRPC_4834
RPDRPD_0850
RPERPE_4799
RPTRpal_0933
RPXRpdx1_1032
RBKE0H22_05585
NWINwi_0921
NHANham_3423
OCAOCAR_4912
OCGOCA5_c30420(hss)
OCOOCA4_c29900(hss)
PCAXAFIC_000720
VGOGJW-30_1_02467(hss)
TRBHB776_20340
TALZRPMA_24930
BOPAXW83_18715
BOSBSY19_4381
BVVBHK69_03430
BOIBLM15_26700
BOFFQV39_21160
BVESQO058_09150
XAUXaut_2138
AZCAZC_0296
STARG3545_18410
LNEFZC33_17175
SNOSnov_3872
ANCGBB76_13185
APRAG3A50_09640
APOLK9D25_05490
MEAMex_1p2024(hss)
MDIMETDI2807(hss) METDI4480(hss)
MEXMext_2042
MCHMchl_2317 Mchl_5462
MPOMpop_2003
MZAB2G69_17665
MRDMrad2831_5045
METM446_0451
MNOMnod_1646
MORMOC_5748
METAY590_09740
MAQUMaq22A_c02140
MPHYMCBMB27_04488
MEEDA075_19710
METDC0214_11610
METXA3862_05900
METSDK389_18870
METIDK427_04660 DK427_15610
MMESMMSR116_03570
MTEADK419_18540
MINDmvi_50880
MOGMMB17_07820
MOCBB934_09230
MIVC4E04_17655
MICOGDR74_03645
MTEZHPT29_022235
MLDU0023_05500 U0023_30520
BIDBind_1078
MSLMsil_1154
MTUNMTUNDRAET4_0656(hss)
MLGCWB41_07805
RHJHZY79_07510
MEDKQEV83_08425
BBARRHAL1_00959(hss)
CHELAL346_03725
CDQBOQ54_14575
RHZRHPLAN_13640
BVRBVIR_716
BLAGBLTE_24040
MSCBN69_1957
MBRYB1812_05690
MROSEHO51_15445
MHEYH2LOC_015970
MPARF7D14_06210
MIWASS37A_01650(hss)
MTWCQW49_06000
CMETK6K41_11375
PLEOOHA_1_03491(hss)
HDIHDIA_4115
MEYTM49_01040
MAADAZF01_18730
MMEDMame_01224(hss)
MLUTJET14_19610
AUAM673_16125
AALAIGS74_07935
AALMLUX29_08825
AUZSa4125_10490
AUBLXB15_14275
JAVOXU80_10220
BRND1F64_18820
PSINCAK95_12905
NOHG5V57_28200
TSOIZ6_05040
LAPACP90_11510
LABRCHH27_09065
LABPFJ695_23940
LABTFIU93_17085(hss)
LAGGB0E33_23440
SIWGH266_20945
PHRC6569_17185
PSTGE8M01_11090
PAQTE8L99_04615
LIZLGH83_05960
ACUTMRB58_19350
JANJann_0956
RPONG3256_14340
DSHDshi_2947(hss)
LAQUR2C4_00225
LCAEK3721_20050
MALGMALG_02794
PABYGa0080574_TMP2386
SUAMBOO69_03870
ROHFIU89_02840(hss)
SAGUCDO87_17490
OCDFHY55_05605
MALUKU6B_22460
RMAIMACH21_23930
LVSLOKVESSMR4R_00452(hss)
TAWEI545_13210
SALOEF888_10035
PPAFI8N54_14980
PGVSL003B_2997
GCEKYE46_15680
GBEGbCGDNIH1_0521
GBHGbCGDNIH2_0521
GBCGbCGDNIH3_0521
GBSGbCGDNIH4_0521
RFLRmf_12930
RAPRHOA_0572(hss)
SHUMSTHU_29010
SVCSTVA_21830
STELSTAQ_27290
AZLAZL_014430
ALIAZOLI_1158(hss)
ABSAZOBR_140285(hss)
ABQABAZ39_06110
ABFAMK58_08100
ATIAL072_11885
AHUA6A40_04925
AZTTSH58p_03885
AZMDM194_04320
AZZDEW08_12170
AOZHUE56_17330
AARED3093_03055
AZSE6C72_10400
NAOY958_14415
NCBC0V82_14725
SKTIGS68_12775
SMUCJL100_011985
SROEJL101_012580
RCERC1_1718(hss)
MGYMGMSRv2__1441(hss)
MGRYMSR1_08010(hss)
MAGXXM1_3089(hss)
MAGNWV31_07945
FERFNB15_13665
DEXHWD60_05010
DVNHQ394_12410
MAGamb2266
HJOAY555_07295
HTQFRZ44_46570
HADHFRZ61_44510(hss)
ELIOKO353_11920
TMOTMO_3104
DOGHP555_12425
MAIMICA_471(hss)
MANA11S_454
AMYBBKN51_19855
AMYYYIM_37955(hss)
CATICS0771_35100
AEYCDG81_16905
ABAMB1s21122_05650
NHIB1s21160_05455
NABB1sIIB91_05200
CALOCal7507_3401
OTEOter_0694 Oter_2622
OBGVerru16b_00850(hss)
OLEK0B96_11855
PPHPpha_0878
PRFPeribacterA2_1013
MBAMbar_A2685
MBYMSBRM_2330
MBWMSBRW_2042
MBARMSBR2_0084
MBAKMSBR3_0145
MACMA_1636
MMAMM_0166
MMAZMmTuc01_0175
MMJMSMAS_1136
MMACMSMAC_2495
MVCMSVAZ_0741
MEKMSKOL_0725
MLSMSLAZ_2197
MSJMSSAC_1603
MSZMSSIH_1192
MSWMSSIT_1259
MHORMSHOH_1357
MSEBRE474_13405
MBNMboo_1047
MFOMetfor_1105
 » show all
Reference
1  [PMID:437275]
  Authors
Tait GH.
  Title
The formation of homospermidine by an enzyme from Rhodopseudomonas viridis [proceedings]
  Journal
Biochem Soc Trans 7:199-201 (1979)
DOI:10.1042/bst0070199
Reference
2  [PMID:8407874]
  Authors
Yamamoto S, Nagata S, Kusaba K.
  Title
Purification and characterization of homospermidine synthase in Acinetobacter tartarogenes ATCC 31105.
  Journal
J Biochem (Tokyo) 114:45-9 (1993)
DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a124137
Reference
3
  Authors
Ober, D., Tholl, D., Martin, W. and Hartmann, T.
  Title
Homospermidine synthase of Rhodopseudomonas viridis: Substrate specificity and effects of the heterologously expressed enzyme on polyamine metabolism of Escherichia coli.
  Journal
J Gen Appl Microbiol 42:411-419 (1996)
Reference
4  [PMID:26776105]
  Authors
Krossa S, Faust A, Ober D, Scheidig AJ
  Title
Comprehensive Structural Characterization of the Bacterial Homospermidine Synthase-an Essential Enzyme of the Polyamine Metabolism.
  Journal
Sci Rep 6:19501 (2016)
DOI:10.1038/srep19501
Other DBs
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: 2.5.1.44
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature: 2.5.1.44
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 2.5.1.44
BRENDA, the Enzyme Database: 2.5.1.44
CAS: 76106-84-8

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