KEGG   PATHWAY: hsa00230
Entry
hsa00230                    Pathway                                
Name
Purine metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)
Class
Metabolism; Nucleotide metabolism
Pathway map
hsa00230  Purine metabolism
hsa00230

Module
hsa_M00005  PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:hsa00230]
hsa_M00048  De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:hsa00230]
hsa_M00049  Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:hsa00230]
hsa_M00050  Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:hsa00230]
hsa_M00053  Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:hsa00230]
hsa_M00958  Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:hsa00230]
hsa_M00959  Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:hsa00230]
Network
  Element
N00888  Hypoxanthine oxidation
N01418  Purine salvage pathway, adenine to AMP
N01420  APRT deficiency in adenine metabolism
N01421  Purine salvage pathway, hypoxanthine/guanine to IMP/GMP
N01423  HPRT1 deficiency in hypoxanthine metabolism
N01424  HPRT1 deficiency in guanine metabolism
N01627  Adenosine phosphorylation
Drug
D00155  Pentostatin (JAN/USAN/INN)
D00161  Mercaptopurine (USP)
D00224  Allopurinol (JP18/USP/INN)
D00231  Inamrinone (USP)
D00341  Hydroxyurea (USP)
D00417  Milrinone (JAN/USP/INN)
D00752  Mycophenolate mofetil (JAN/USP)
D01155  Gemcitabine hydrochloride (JAN/USP)
D01206  Febuxostat (JAN/USAN/INN)
D01370  Cladribine (JAN/USP/INN)
D01392  Mizoribine (JP18/INN)
D01896  Cilostazol (JP18/USP/INN)
D01907  Fludarabine phosphate (JAN/USP)
D02008  Tadalafil (JAN/USP/INN)
D02042  Olprinone hydrochloride hydrate (JAN)
D02084  Inamrinone ethylenelactate
D02085  Milrinone lactate
D02365  Oxypurinol (USAN)
D02368  Gemcitabine (USAN/INN)
D02896  Amflutizole (USAN/INN)
D02933  Anagrelide hydrochloride (USP)
D03378  Caracemide (USAN)
D03546  Clofarabine (JAN/USAN/INN)
D03828  Pemetrexed disodium (USAN)
D04004  Enoximone (USAN/INN)
D04245  Forodesine hydrochloride (JAN/USAN)
D04508  Imazodan hydrochloride (USAN)
D04529  Indolidan (USAN/INN)
D04628  Isomazole hydrochloride (USAN)
D04751  Lixazinone sulfate (USAN)
D04766  Lometrexol sodium (USAN)
D04931  Mercaptopurine (INN)
D04936  Merimepodib (USAN/INN)
D05094  Mycophenolate mofetil hydrochloride (USAN)
D05095  Mycophenolate sodium (USP)
D05096  Mycophenolic acid (USAN/INN)
D05396  Peldesine (USAN)
D05400  Pelitrexol (USAN/INN)
D06100  Tezacitabine (USAN)
D06109  Thioguanine (USP)
D06130  Tiazofurin (USAN)
D06503  Pemetrexed sodium hydrate (JAN)
D06596  Forodesine (USAN/INN)
D07278  Tisopurine (INN)
D07455  Anagrelide (INN/BAN)
D07472  Pemetrexed (INN)
D07564  Allopurinol sodium
D07966  Fludarabine (INN)
D08294  Olprinone (INN)
D08603  Tioguanine (INN)
D08860  Apremilast (JAN/USAN)
D09020  Tofimilast (INN/USAN)
D09621  Gisadenafil (USAN/INN)
D09622  Gisadenafil besylate (USAN)
D09786  Topiroxostat (JAN/INN)
D09822  Theosalicin (JAN)
D10222  Gemcitabine elaidate (USAN/INN)
D10255  Anagrelide hydrochloride hydrate (JAN)
D10431  Ulodesine (USAN/INN)
D10432  Ulodesine succinate (USAN)
D10596  Pemetrexed sodium hemipentahydrate (JAN)
D10963  Oleclumab (USAN/INN)
D10976  Recanaclotide (USAN/INN)
D11081  Febuxostat hydrate (JAN)
D11314  Difamilast (JAN/USAN)
D11352  Pemetrexed tromethamine (USAN)
D12203  Tovinontrine (USAN/INN)
D12373  Quemliclustat (USAN/INN)
D12387  Fosgemcitabine palabenamide (USAN/INN)
D12401  Uliledlimab (USAN/INN)
D12516  Zagociguat (USAN/INN)
Other DBs
GO: 0006163 0042278
Organism
Homo sapiens (human) [GN:hsa]
Gene
53343  NUDT9; nudix hydrolase 9 [KO:K13988] [EC:3.6.1.13]
56985  ADPRM; ADP-ribose/CDP-alcohol diphosphatase, manganese dependent [KO:K01517] [EC:3.6.1.13 3.6.1.16 3.6.1.53]
11164  NUDT5; nudix hydrolase 5 [KO:K13987] [EC:3.6.1.13 3.6.1.58 2.7.7.96]
5236  PGM1; phosphoglucomutase 1 [KO:K01835] [EC:5.4.2.2]
55276  PGM2; phosphoglucomutase 2 [KO:K15779] [EC:5.4.2.2 5.4.2.7]
221823  PRPS1L1; phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 like 1 [KO:K00948] [EC:2.7.6.1]
5634  PRPS2; phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 2 [KO:K00948] [EC:2.7.6.1]
5631  PRPS1; phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 [KO:K00948] [EC:2.7.6.1]
5471  PPAT; phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase [KO:K00764] [EC:2.4.2.14]
2618  GART; phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase, phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase, phosphoribosylaminoimidazole synthetase [KO:K11787] [EC:6.3.4.13 2.1.2.2 6.3.3.1]
5198  PFAS; phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase [KO:K01952] [EC:6.3.5.3]
10606  PAICS; phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase and phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase [KO:K01587] [EC:4.1.1.21 6.3.2.6]
158  ADSL; adenylosuccinate lyase [KO:K01756] [EC:4.3.2.2]
471  ATIC; 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase [KO:K00602] [EC:2.1.2.3 3.5.4.10]
353  APRT; adenine phosphoribosyltransferase [KO:K00759] [EC:2.4.2.7]
22978  NT5C2; 5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II [KO:K01081] [EC:3.1.3.5]
84618  NT5C1A; 5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IA [KO:K01081] [EC:3.1.3.5]
93034  NT5C1B; 5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IB [KO:K01081] [EC:3.1.3.5]
30833  NT5C; 5', 3'-nucleotidase, cytosolic [KO:K01081] [EC:3.1.3.5]
56953  NT5M; 5',3'-nucleotidase, mitochondrial [KO:K01081] [EC:3.1.3.5]
100526794  NT5C1B-RDH14; NT5C1B-RDH14 readthrough [KO:K01081] [EC:3.1.3.5]
284958  NT5DC4; 5'-nucleotidase domain containing 4 [KO:K01081] [EC:3.1.3.5]
4907  NT5E; 5'-nucleotidase ecto [KO:K19970] [EC:3.1.3.5]
4860  PNP; purine nucleoside phosphorylase [KO:K03783] [EC:2.4.2.1]
144811  LACC1; laccase domain containing 1 [KO:K05810] [EC:2.4.2.1 2.4.2.28 3.5.4.4]
3251  HPRT1; hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 [KO:K00760] [EC:2.4.2.8]
3614  IMPDH1; inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 [KO:K00088] [EC:1.1.1.205]
3615  IMPDH2; inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 [KO:K00088] [EC:1.1.1.205]
10201  NME6; NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 6 [KO:K00940] [EC:2.7.4.6]
29922  NME7; NME/NM23 family member 7 [KO:K00940] [EC:2.7.4.6]
4831  NME2; NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2 [KO:K00940] [EC:2.7.4.6]
4833  NME4; NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 4 [KO:K00940] [EC:2.7.4.6]
4830  NME1; NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1 [KO:K00940] [EC:2.7.4.6]
4832  NME3; NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 3 [KO:K00940] [EC:2.7.4.6]
654364  NME1-NME2; NME1-NME2 readthrough [KO:K00940] [EC:2.7.4.6]
221264  AK9; adenylate kinase 9 [KO:K18533] [EC:2.7.4.3 2.7.4.6]
956  ENTPD3; ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 3 [KO:K01510] [EC:3.6.1.5]
377841  ENTPD8; ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 8 [KO:K01510] [EC:3.6.1.5]
953  ENTPD1; ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 [KO:K01510] [EC:3.6.1.5]
124583  CANT1; calcium activated nucleotidase 1 [KO:K12304] [EC:3.6.1.6]
9583  ENTPD4; ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 4 [KO:K12305] [EC:3.6.1.6]
957  ENTPD5; ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 5 (inactive) [KO:K01511] [EC:3.6.1.6]
955  ENTPD6; ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 6 [KO:K01511] [EC:3.6.1.6]
131870  NUDT16; nudix hydrolase 16 [KO:K16855] [EC:3.6.1.62 3.6.1.64]
3704  ITPA; inosine triphosphatase [KO:K01519] [EC:3.6.1.66]
7498  XDH; xanthine dehydrogenase [KO:K00106] [EC:1.17.1.4 1.17.3.2]
318  NUDT2; nudix hydrolase 2 [KO:K01518] [EC:3.6.1.17]
8833  GMPS; guanine monophosphate synthase [KO:K01951] [EC:6.3.5.2]
2766  GMPR; guanosine monophosphate reductase [KO:K00364] [EC:1.7.1.7]
51292  GMPR2; guanosine monophosphate reductase 2 [KO:K00364] [EC:1.7.1.7]
9615  GDA; guanine deaminase [KO:K01487] [EC:3.5.4.3]
2987  GUK1; guanylate kinase 1 [KO:K00942] [EC:2.7.4.8]
6240  RRM1; ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1 [KO:K10807] [EC:1.17.4.1]
50484  RRM2B; ribonucleotide reductase regulatory TP53 inducible subunit M2B [KO:K10808] [EC:1.17.4.1]
6241  RRM2; ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 [KO:K10808] [EC:1.17.4.1]
51020  HDDC2; HD domain containing 2 [KO:K07023] [EC:3.1.3.89]
1716  DGUOK; deoxyguanosine kinase [KO:K00904] [EC:2.7.1.113]
1633  DCK; deoxycytidine kinase [KO:K00893] [EC:2.7.1.74 2.7.1.76 2.7.1.113]
374659  HDDC3; HD domain containing 3 [KO:K21138] [EC:3.1.7.2]
58497  PRUNE1; prune exopolyphosphatase 1 [KO:K01514] [EC:3.6.1.11]
107  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
108  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
109  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
196883  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
111  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
112  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase 6 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
113  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase 7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
114  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
115  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
55811  ADCY10; adenylate cyclase 10 [KO:K11265] [EC:4.6.1.1]
2977  GUCY1A2; guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit alpha 2 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
2982  GUCY1A1; guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit alpha 1 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
2983  GUCY1B1; guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 1 [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
2984  GUCY2C; guanylate cyclase 2C [KO:K12320] [EC:4.6.1.2]
3000  GUCY2D; guanylate cyclase 2D, retinal [KO:K12321] [EC:4.6.1.2]
2986  GUCY2F; guanylate cyclase 2F, retinal [KO:K12322] [EC:4.6.1.2]
4881  NPR1; natriuretic peptide receptor 1 [KO:K12323] [EC:4.6.1.2]
4882  NPR2; natriuretic peptide receptor 2 [KO:K12324] [EC:4.6.1.2]
5136  PDE1A; phosphodiesterase 1A [KO:K13755] [EC:3.1.4.17]
5153  PDE1B; phosphodiesterase 1B [KO:K13755] [EC:3.1.4.17]
5137  PDE1C; phosphodiesterase 1C [KO:K13755] [EC:3.1.4.17]
5138  PDE2A; phosphodiesterase 2A [KO:K18283] [EC:3.1.4.17]
5139  PDE3A; phosphodiesterase 3A [KO:K19021] [EC:3.1.4.17]
5140  PDE3B; phosphodiesterase 3B [KO:K13296] [EC:3.1.4.17]
8654  PDE5A; phosphodiesterase 5A [KO:K13762] [EC:3.1.4.35]
5145  PDE6A; phosphodiesterase 6A [KO:K08718] [EC:3.1.4.35]
5158  PDE6B; phosphodiesterase 6B [KO:K13756] [EC:3.1.4.35]
5146  PDE6C; phosphodiesterase 6C [KO:K13757] [EC:3.1.4.35]
5147  PDE6D; phosphodiesterase 6D [KO:K13758]
5148  PDE6G; phosphodiesterase 6G [KO:K13759]
5149  PDE6H; phosphodiesterase 6H [KO:K13760]
5152  PDE9A; phosphodiesterase 9A [KO:K13761] [EC:3.1.4.35]
10846  PDE10A; phosphodiesterase 10A [KO:K18438] [EC:3.1.4.17 3.1.4.35]
50940  PDE11A; phosphodiesterase 11A [KO:K13298] [EC:3.1.4.17 3.1.4.35]
122622  ADSS1; adenylosuccinate synthase 1 [KO:K01939] [EC:6.3.4.4]
159  ADSS2; adenylosuccinate synthase 2 [KO:K01939] [EC:6.3.4.4]
271  AMPD2; adenosine monophosphate deaminase 2 [KO:K01490] [EC:3.5.4.6]
272  AMPD3; adenosine monophosphate deaminase 3 [KO:K01490] [EC:3.5.4.6]
270  AMPD1; adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1 [KO:K01490] [EC:3.5.4.6]
132  ADK; adenosine kinase [KO:K00856] [EC:2.7.1.20]
100  ADA; adenosine deaminase [KO:K01488] [EC:3.5.4.4]
51816  ADA2; adenosine deaminase 2 [KO:K19572] [EC:3.5.4.4]
122481  AK7; adenylate kinase 7 [KO:K00939] [EC:2.7.4.3]
205  AK4; adenylate kinase 4 [KO:K00939] [EC:2.7.4.3]
26289  AK5; adenylate kinase 5 [KO:K00939] [EC:2.7.4.3]
204  AK2; adenylate kinase 2 [KO:K00939] [EC:2.7.4.3]
203  AK1; adenylate kinase 1 [KO:K00939] [EC:2.7.4.3]
158067  AK8; adenylate kinase 8 [KO:K00939] [EC:2.7.4.3]
102157402  AK6; adenylate kinase 6 [KO:K18532] [EC:2.7.4.3]
50808  AK3; adenylate kinase 3 [KO:K00944] [EC:2.7.4.10]
954  ENTPD2; ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2 [KO:K01509] [EC:3.6.1.-]
84284  NTPCR; nucleoside-triphosphatase, cancer-related [KO:K06928] [EC:3.6.1.15]
5167  ENPP1; ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 [KO:K01513] [EC:3.1.4.1 3.6.1.9]
5169  ENPP3; ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 3 [KO:K01513] [EC:3.1.4.1 3.6.1.9]
5141  PDE4A; phosphodiesterase 4A [KO:K13293] [EC:3.1.4.53]
5142  PDE4B; phosphodiesterase 4B [KO:K13293] [EC:3.1.4.53]
5143  PDE4C; phosphodiesterase 4C [KO:K13293] [EC:3.1.4.53]
5144  PDE4D; phosphodiesterase 4D [KO:K13293] [EC:3.1.4.53]
5150  PDE7A; phosphodiesterase 7A [KO:K18436] [EC:3.1.4.53]
27115  PDE7B; phosphodiesterase 7B [KO:K18436] [EC:3.1.4.53]
8622  PDE8B; phosphodiesterase 8B [KO:K18437] [EC:3.1.4.53]
5151  PDE8A; phosphodiesterase 8A [KO:K18437] [EC:3.1.4.53]
2272  FHIT; fragile histidine triad diadenosine triphosphatase [KO:K01522] [EC:3.6.1.29]
22875  ENPP4; ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 4 [KO:K18424] [EC:3.6.1.29]
9060  PAPSS2; 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase 2 [KO:K13811] [EC:2.7.7.4 2.7.1.25]
9061  PAPSS1; 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase 1 [KO:K13811] [EC:2.7.7.4 2.7.1.25]
646625  URAD; ureidoimidazoline (2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-) decarboxylase [KO:K13485] [EC:4.1.1.97]
55821  ALLC; allantoicase [KO:K01477] [EC:3.5.3.4]
Compound
C00002  ATP
C00008  ADP
C00011  CO2
C00014  Ammonia
C00020  AMP
C00035  GDP
C00037  Glycine
C00039  DNA
C00044  GTP
C00046  RNA
C00048  Glyoxylate
C00053  3'-Phosphoadenylyl sulfate
C00054  Adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate
C00059  Sulfate
C00064  L-Glutamine
C00081  ITP
C00086  Urea
C00104  IDP
C00117  D-Ribose 5-phosphate
C00119  5-Phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate
C00130  IMP
C00131  dATP
C00144  GMP
C00147  Adenine
C00169  Carbamoyl phosphate
C00206  dADP
C00209  Oxalate
C00212  Adenosine
C00224  Adenylyl sulfate
C00242  Guanine
C00262  Hypoxanthine
C00286  dGTP
C00288  HCO3-
C00294  Inosine
C00301  ADP-ribose
C00330  Deoxyguanosine
C00360  dAMP
C00361  dGDP
C00362  dGMP
C00366  Urate
C00385  Xanthine
C00387  Guanosine
C00499  Allantoate
C00559  Deoxyadenosine
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00603  (S)-Ureidoglycolate
C00620  alpha-D-Ribose 1-phosphate
C00655  Xanthosine 5'-phosphate
C00700  XTP
C00802  Oxalureate
C00942  3',5'-Cyclic GMP
C01228  Guanosine 3',5'-bis(diphosphate)
C01260  P1,P4-Bis(5'-adenosyl)tetraphosphate
C01261  P1,P4-Bis(5'-guanosyl) tetraphosphate
C01344  dIDP
C01345  dITP
C01367  3'-AMP
C01444  Oxamate
C01762  Xanthosine
C02091  (S)-Ureidoglycine
C02348  (R)(-)-Allantoin
C02350  (S)-Allantoin
C02353  2',3'-Cyclic AMP
C02718  N-Formiminoglycine
C03090  5-Phosphoribosylamine
C03373  Aminoimidazole ribotide
C03483  Adenosine tetraphosphate
C03614  Inosine 5'-tetraphosphate
C03794  N6-(1,2-Dicarboxyethyl)-AMP
C03838  5'-Phosphoribosylglycinamide
C04051  5-Amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide
C04376  5'-Phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycinamide
C04392  P1,P4-Bis(5'-xanthosyl) tetraphosphate
C04494  Guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-triphosphate
C04640  2-(Formamido)-N1-(5'-phosphoribosyl)acetamidine
C04677  1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide
C04734  1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-5-formamido-4-imidazolecarboxamide
C04751  1-(5-Phospho-D-ribosyl)-5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxylate
C04823  1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-imidazole
C05239  5-Aminoimidazole
C05512  Deoxyinosine
C05513  Urate-3-ribonucleoside
C05515  5-Ureido-4-imidazole carboxylate
C05516  5-Amino-4-imidazole carboxylate
C05993  Acetyl adenylate
C06193  Guanosine 3'-phosphate
C06194  2',3'-Cyclic GMP
C06195  Imidazolone
C06196  2'-Deoxyinosine 5'-phosphate
C06197  P1,P3-Bis(5'-adenosyl) triphosphate
C06433  5'-Benzoylphosphoadenosine
C06435  5'-Butyrylphosphoinosine
C11821  5-Hydroxyisourate
C12248  5-Hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate
C15667  5-Carboxyamino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole
C22395  N6-Succino-2-amino-2'-deoxyadenylate
C22441  dZMP
C22442  dZDP
C22443  dZTP
C22499  8-Hydroxyadenine
C22500  2,8-Dihydroxyadenine
Reference
PMID:10601204
  Authors
Cusa E, Obradors N, Baldoma L, Badia J, Aguilar J.
  Title
Genetic analysis of a chromosomal region containing genes required for assimilation of allantoin nitrogen and linked glyoxylate metabolism in Escherichia coli.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 181:7479-84 (1999)
DOI:10.1128/JB.181.24.7479-7484.1999
Reference
PMID:10986234
  Authors
Xi H, Schneider BL, Reitzer L.
  Title
Purine catabolism in Escherichia coli and function of xanthine dehydrogenase in purine salvage.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 182:5332-41 (2000)
DOI:10.1128/JB.182.19.5332-5341.2000
Related
pathway
hsa00030  Pentose phosphate pathway
hsa00220  Arginine biosynthesis
hsa00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
hsa00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
hsa00340  Histidine metabolism
hsa00630  Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
hsa00730  Thiamine metabolism
hsa00740  Riboflavin metabolism
hsa00790  Folate biosynthesis
KO pathway
ko00230   
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