KEGG   PATHWAY: ko01040
Entry
ko01040                     Pathway                                
Name
Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids
Class
Metabolism; Lipid metabolism
Pathway map
ko01040  Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids
ko01040

Module
M00415  Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:ko01040]
M00861  beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:ko01040]
Orthology
K10247  elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 1 [EC:2.3.1.199]
K10205  elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 2 [EC:2.3.1.199]
K10248  elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 3 [EC:2.3.1.199]
K10249  elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 4 [EC:2.3.1.199]
K10244  elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 5 [EC:2.3.1.199]
K10203  elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 6 [EC:2.3.1.199]
K10250  elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 7 [EC:2.3.1.199]
K10245  fatty acid elongase 2 [EC:2.3.1.199]
K10246  fatty acid elongase 3 [EC:2.3.1.199]
K10251  17beta-estradiol 17-dehydrogenase / very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA reductase [EC:1.1.1.62 1.1.1.330]
K10703  very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase [EC:4.2.1.134]
K10258  very-long-chain enoyl-CoA reductase [EC:1.3.1.93]
K00507  stearoyl-CoA desaturase (Delta-9 desaturase) [EC:1.14.19.1]
K03921  acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] desaturase [EC:1.14.19.2 1.14.19.11 1.14.19.26]
K03922  acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] desaturase [EC:1.14.19.2]
K22769  NADPH-dependent stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase [EC:1.14.19.-]
K22770  stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase NADPH oxidoreductase
K10256  omega-6 fatty acid desaturase / acyl-lipid omega-6 desaturase (Delta-12 desaturase) [EC:1.14.19.6 1.14.19.22]
K23006  omega-3 fatty acid desaturase (Delta-15 desaturase) [EC:1.14.19.-]
K22993  bifunctional Delta-12/omega-3 fatty acid desaturase [EC:1.14.19.6 1.14.19.-]
K10226  acyl-CoA 6-desaturase (Delta-6 desaturase) [EC:1.14.19.3]
K10224  acyl-CoA (8-3)-desaturase (Delta-5 desaturase) [EC:1.14.19.44]
K00232  acyl-CoA oxidase [EC:1.3.3.6]
K12405  (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase / 3a,7a,12a-trihydroxy-5b-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA hydratase / enoyl-CoA hydratase 2 [EC:1.1.1.- 4.2.1.107 4.2.1.119]
K07513  acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1 [EC:2.3.1.16]
K08764  sterol carrier protein 2 [EC:2.3.1.176]
K01068  acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 1/2/4 [EC:3.1.2.2]
K17360  acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 7 [EC:3.1.2.2]
K00659  bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase [EC:2.3.1.65 3.1.2.2]
K10804  acyl-CoA thioesterase I [EC:3.1.2.- 3.1.2.2 3.1.1.2 3.1.1.5]
K10805  acyl-CoA thioesterase II [EC:3.1.2.-]
K10806  acyl-CoA thioesterase YciA [EC:3.1.2.-]
Compound
C00154  Palmitoyl-CoA
C00219  Arachidonate
C00249  Hexadecanoic acid
C00412  Stearoyl-CoA
C00510  Oleoyl-CoA
C00712  (9Z)-Octadecenoic acid
C01203  Oleoyl-[acyl-carrier protein]
C01530  Octadecanoic acid
C01595  Linoleate
C02041  Eicosanoyl-CoA
C02050  Linoleoyl-CoA
C02249  Arachidonyl-CoA
C03035  gamma-Linolenoyl-CoA
C03242  Dihomo-gamma-linolenate
C03595  8,11,14-Eicosatrienoyl-CoA
C04088  Octadecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein]
C05764  Hexadecanoyl-[acp]
C06425  Icosanoic acid
C06426  (6Z,9Z,12Z)-Octadecatrienoic acid
C06427  (9Z,12Z,15Z)-Octadecatrienoic acid
C06428  (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-Icosapentaenoic acid
C06429  (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-Docosahexaenoic acid
C08281  Docosanoic acid
C08316  Erucic acid
C08320  Tetracosanoic acid
C08323  (15Z)-Tetracosenoic acid
C16160  Linoleoyl-[acyl-carrier protein]
C16161  alpha-Linolenoyl-ACP
C16162  (9Z,12Z,15Z)-Octadecatrienoyl-CoA
C16163  (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-Octadecatetraenoyl-CoA
C16164  (8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-Icosatetraenoyl-CoA
C16165  (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-Icosapentaenoyl-CoA
C16166  (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-Docosapentaenoyl-CoA
C16167  (9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-Tetracosapentaenoyl-CoA
C16168  (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-Tetracosahexaenoyl-CoA
C16169  (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-Docosahexaenoyl-CoA
C16170  (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-Docosatetraenoyl-CoA
C16171  (9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-Tetracosatetraenoyl-CoA
C16172  (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-Tetracosapentaenoyl-CoA
C16173  (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-Docosapentaenoyl-CoA
C16179  (11Z,14Z,17Z)-Icosatrienoyl-CoA
C16180  (11Z,14Z)-Icosadienoyl-CoA
C16513  (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-Docosapentaenoic acid
C16522  Icosatrienoic acid
C16525  Icosadienoic acid
C16526  Icosenoic acid
C16527  Adrenic acid
C16528  Docosanoyl-CoA
C16529  Tetracosanoyl-CoA
C16530  Icosenoyl-CoA
C16531  Docosenoyl-CoA
C16532  Tetracosenoyl-CoA
C16533  (13Z,16Z)-Docosadienoic acid
C16645  (13Z,16Z)-Docosadienoyl-CoA
C17279  Ximenoyl-CoA
C21072  Palmitoleoyl-CoA
C21932  Cerotoyl-CoA
C21934  Montanoyl-CoA
C21935  (6Z,9Z)-Octadecadienoyl-CoA
C21937  (8Z,11Z)-Icosadienoyl-CoA
C21939  (5Z,8Z,11Z)-Icosatrienoyl-CoA
C21941  (7Z,10Z,13Z)-Docosatrienoyl-CoA
C21943  Sapienoyl-CoA
C21945  cis-Vaccenoyl-CoA
C21947  Paullinoyl-CoA
C21949  (11Z,14Z,17Z,20Z,23Z)-Hexacosapentaenoyl-CoA
C21951  (13Z,16Z,19Z,22Z,25Z)-Octacosapentaenoyl-CoA
C21953  (8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z,20Z,23Z)-Hexacosahexaenoyl-CoA
C21959  (10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z,22Z,25Z)-Octacosahexaenoyl-CoA
C21961  (11Z,14Z,17Z,20Z)-Hexacosatetraenoyl-CoA
C21963  (13Z,16Z,19Z,22Z)-Octacosatetraenoyl-CoA
C21965  (8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z,20Z)-Hexacosapentaenoyl-CoA
C21967  (10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z,22Z)-Octacosapentaenoyl-CoA
C21981  (6Z,9Z)-Hexadecadienoyl-CoA
Reference
  Authors
Jakobsson A, Westerberg R, Jacobsson A.
  Title
Fatty acid elongases in mammals: their regulation and roles in metabolism.
  Journal
Prog Lipid Res 45:237-49 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.plipres.2006.01.004
Reference
  Authors
Moon YA, Horton JD.
  Title
Identification of two mammalian reductases involved in the two-carbon fatty acyl elongation cascade.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 278:7335-43 (2003)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M211684200
Reference
  Authors
Han G, Gable K, Kohlwein SD, Beaudoin F, Napier JA, Dunn TM.
  Title
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae YBR159w gene encodes the 3-ketoreductase of the microsomal fatty acid elongase.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 277:35440-9 (2002)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M205620200
Reference
  Authors
Su HM, Moser AB, Moser HW, Watkins PA.
  Title
Peroxisomal straight-chain Acyl-CoA oxidase and D-bifunctional protein are essential for the retroconversion step in docosahexaenoic acid synthesis.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 276:38115-20 (2001)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M106326200
Reference
  Authors
Huyghe S, Mannaerts GP, Baes M, Van Veldhoven PP.
  Title
Peroxisomal multifunctional protein-2: the enzyme, the patients and the knockout mouse model.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1761:973-94 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbalip.2006.04.006
Reference
  Authors
Denic V, Weissman JS
  Title
A molecular caliper mechanism for determining very long-chain fatty acid length.
  Journal
Cell 130:663-77 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2007.06.031
Reference
  Authors
Ichi I, Kono N, Arita Y, Haga S, Arisawa K, Yamano M, Nagase M, Fujiwara Y, Arai H
  Title
Identification of genes and pathways involved in the synthesis of Mead acid (20:3n-9), an indicator of essential fatty acid deficiency.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1841:204-13 (2014)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.10.013
Reference
  Authors
Guillou H, Zadravec D, Martin PG, Jacobsson A
  Title
The key roles of elongases and desaturases in mammalian fatty acid metabolism: Insights from transgenic mice.
  Journal
Prog Lipid Res 49:186-99 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.plipres.2009.12.002
Reference
  Authors
Yu M, Benham A, Logan S, Brush RS, Mandal MN, Anderson RE, Agbaga MP
  Title
ELOVL4 protein preferentially elongates 20:5n3 to very long chain PUFAs over 20:4n6 and 22:6n3.
  Journal
J Lipid Res 53:494-504 (2012)
DOI:10.1194/jlr.M021386
Reference
  Authors
Sawai M, Uchida Y, Ohno Y, Miyamoto M, Nishioka C, Itohara S, Sassa T, Kihara A
  Title
The 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratases HACD1 and HACD2 exhibit functional redundancy and are active in a wide range of fatty acid elongation pathways.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 292:15538-15551 (2017)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M117.803171
Reference
  Authors
Ohno Y, Suto S, Yamanaka M, Mizutani Y, Mitsutake S, Igarashi Y, Sassa T, Kihara A
  Title
ELOVL1 production of C24 acyl-CoAs is linked to C24 sphingolipid synthesis.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:18439-44 (2010)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.1005572107
Reference
  Authors
Naganuma T, Sato Y, Sassa T, Ohno Y, Kihara A
  Title
Biochemical characterization of the very long-chain fatty acid elongase ELOVL7.
  Journal
FEBS Lett 585:3337-41 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.febslet.2011.09.024
Reference
  Authors
Tamura K, Makino A, Hullin-Matsuda F, Kobayashi T, Furihata M, Chung S, Ashida S, Miki T, Fujioka T, Shuin T, Nakamura Y, Nakagawa H
  Title
Novel lipogenic enzyme ELOVL7 is involved in prostate cancer growth through saturated long-chain fatty acid metabolism.
  Journal
Cancer Res 69:8133-40 (2009)
DOI:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-0775
Reference
  Authors
Uemura H
  Title
Synthesis and production of unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in yeast: current state and perspectives.
  Journal
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 95:1-12 (2012)
DOI:10.1007/s00253-012-4105-1
Reference
  Authors
Ferdinandusse S, Denis S, Mooijer PA, Zhang Z, Reddy JK, Spector AA, Wanders RJ
  Title
Identification of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid.
  Journal
J Lipid Res 42:1987-95 (2001)
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