Entry
Name
GnRH secretion
Description
Hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are key regulators of reproduction. They release GnRH into the portal circulation. In turn, GnRH stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone (LH) to regulate gonadal functions. Gonadal steroids provide feedback to regulate GnRH release. GnRH neurons express the kisspeptin receptor, GPR 54, and kisspeptins potently stimulate the release of GnRH by depolarising and inducing sustained action potential firing in GnRH neurons. It is also demonstrated that Kisspeptin-GPR54 system positively regulates the GnRH expression with a time course consistent with activation of Akt and MAP kinase signaling pathways.
Class
Organismal Systems; Endocrine system
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Orthology
K23140 metastasis-suppressor KiSS-1
K04634 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha
K04635 guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11
K04958 inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type 1
K04959 inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type 2
K04960 inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type 3
K04954 hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channel 1
K04955 hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channel 2
K04956 hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channel 3
K04854 voltage-dependent calcium channel T type alpha-1G
K04855 voltage-dependent calcium channel T type alpha-1H
K04856 voltage-dependent calcium channel T type alpha-1I
K04964 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 1
K04967 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 4
K04968 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 5
K05004 potassium inwardly-rectifying channel subfamily J member 11
K04997 potassium inwardly-rectifying channel subfamily J member 3
K05000 potassium inwardly-rectifying channel subfamily J member 6
K05002 potassium inwardly-rectifying channel subfamily J member 9
K04999 potassium inwardly-rectifying channel subfamily J member 5
K04615 gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor
K04942 potassium intermediate/small conductance calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 1
K04943 potassium intermediate/small conductance calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 2
K04944 potassium intermediate/small conductance calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 3
K04945 potassium intermediate/small conductance calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4
K04857 voltage-dependent calcium channel L type alpha-1S
K04850 voltage-dependent calcium channel L type alpha-1C
K04851 voltage-dependent calcium channel L type alpha-1D
K04853 voltage-dependent calcium channel L type alpha-1F
K04366 RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
K02649 phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha/beta/delta
K00922 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha/beta/delta [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
K05252 gonadotropin-releasing hormone
K04246 G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1
K06250 secreted phosphoprotein 1
K08522 glycoprotein hormones alpha chain
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C04637 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Ronnekleiv OK, Kelly MJ
Title
Kisspeptin excitation of GnRH neurons.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Beltramo M, Dardente H, Cayla X, Caraty A
Title
Cellular mechanisms and integrative timing of neuroendocrine control of GnRH secretion by kisspeptin.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Oakley AE, Clifton DK, Steiner RA
Title
Kisspeptin signaling in the brain.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pinilla L, Aguilar E, Dieguez C, Millar RP, Tena-Sempere M
Title
Kisspeptins and reproduction: physiological roles and regulatory mechanisms.
Journal
Reference
Authors
d'Anglemont de Tassigny X, Colledge WH
Title
The role of kisspeptin signaling in reproduction.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tena-Sempere M
Title
Kisspeptin signaling in the brain: recent developments and future challenges.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Colledge WH
Title
Kisspeptins and GnRH neuronal signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Roa J, Castellano JM, Navarro VM, Handelsman DJ, Pinilla L, Tena-Sempere M
Title
Kisspeptins and the control of gonadotropin secretion in male and female rodents.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Piet R, de Croft S, Liu X, Herbison AE
Title
Electrical properties of kisspeptin neurons and their regulation of GnRH neurons.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zhang C, Bosch MA, Ronnekleiv OK, Kelly MJ
Title
Kisspeptin activation of TRPC4 channels in female GnRH neurons requires PIP2 depletion and cSrc kinase activation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ronnekleiv OK, Bosch MA, Zhang C
Title
Regulation of endogenous conductances in GnRH neurons by estrogens.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ronnekleiv OK, Zhang C, Bosch MA, Kelly MJ
Title
Kisspeptin and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neuronal Excitability: Molecular Mechanisms Driven by 17beta-Estradiol.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zhang XB, Spergel DJ
Title
Kisspeptin inhibits high-voltage activated Ca2+ channels in GnRH neurons via multiple Ca2+ influx and release pathways.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Novaira HJ, Ng Y, Wolfe A, Radovick S
Title
Kisspeptin increases GnRH mRNA expression and secretion in GnRH secreting neuronal cell lines.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Glanowska KM, Moenter SM
Title
Differential regulation of GnRH secretion in the preoptic area (POA) and the median eminence (ME) in male mice.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Szereszewski JM, Pampillo M, Ahow MR, Offermanns S, Bhattacharya M, Babwah AV
Title
GPR54 regulates ERK1/2 activity and hypothalamic gene expression in a Galpha(q/11) and beta-arrestin-dependent manner.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zhang C, Bosch MA, Rick EA, Kelly MJ, Ronnekleiv OK
Title
17Beta-estradiol regulation of T-type calcium channels in gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Terasaka T, Otsuka F, Tsukamoto N, Nakamura E, Inagaki K, Toma K, Ogura-Ochi K, Glidewell-Kenney C, Lawson MA, Makino H
Title
Mutual interaction of kisspeptin, estrogen and bone morphogenetic protein-4 activity in GnRH regulation by GT1-7 cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Radovick S, Levine JE, Wolfe A
Title
Estrogenic regulation of the GnRH neuron.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Dungan HM, Clifton DK, Steiner RA
Title
Minireview: kisspeptin neurons as central processors in the regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kato M, Tanaka N, Usui S, Sakuma Y
Title
The SK channel blocker apamin inhibits slow afterhyperpolarization currents in rat gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurones.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zhang C, Ronnekleiv OK, Kelly MJ
Title
Kisspeptin inhibits a slow afterhyperpolarization current via protein kinase C and reduces spike frequency adaptation in GnRH neurons.
Journal
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