Entry
Name
Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
Description
Glycolysis is the process of converting glucose into pyruvate and generating small amounts of ATP (energy) and NADH (reducing power). It is a central pathway that produces important precursor metabolites: six-carbon compounds of glucose-6P and fructose-6P and three-carbon compounds of glycerone-P, glyceraldehyde-3P, glycerate-3P, phosphoenolpyruvate, and pyruvate [MD:
M00001 ]. Acetyl-CoA, another important precursor metabolite, is produced by oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate [MD:
M00307 ]. When the enzyme genes of this pathway are examined in completely sequenced genomes, the reaction steps of three-carbon compounds from glycerone-P to pyruvate form a conserved core module [MD:
M00002 ], which is found in almost all organisms and which sometimes contains operon structures in bacterial genomes. Gluconeogenesis is a synthesis pathway of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors. It is essentially a reversal of glycolysis with minor variations of alternative paths [MD:
M00003 ].
Class
Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism
Pathway map
rn00010 Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
Ortholog table
Module
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:rn00010 ]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:rn00010 ]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:rn00010 ]
Other DBs
Reaction
R00014 pyruvate:thiamin diphosphate acetaldehydetransferase (decarboxylating)
R00199 ATP:pyruvate,water phosphotransferase
R00200 ATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
R00206 ATP:pyruvate,phosphate phosphotransferase
R00229 acetate:CoA ligase (ADP-forming)
R00235 acetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
R00341 ATP:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (transphosphorylating;phosphoenolpyruvate-forming)
R00431 GTP:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (adding GTP;phosphoenolpyruvate-forming)
R00658 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydro-lyase (phosphoenolpyruvate-forming)
R00703 (S)-lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
R00710 acetaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
R00711 acetaldehyde:NADP+ oxidoreductase
R00726 ITP:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (adding ITP; phosphoenolpyruvate-forming)
R00746 ethanol:NADP+ oxidoreductase
R00754 ethanol:NAD+ oxidoreductase
R00756 ATP:D-fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase
R00762 D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase
R00764 diphosphate:D-fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase
R00947 alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate phosphohydrolase
R00959 alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate 1,6-phosphomutase
R01015 D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
R01058 D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
R01061 D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating)
R01063 D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating)
R01068 D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-lyase (glycerone-phosphate-forming)
R01196 pyruvate:ferredoxin 2-oxidoreductase (CoA-acetylating)
R01512 ATP:3-phospho-D-glycerate 1-phosphotransferase
R01516 2,3-bisphospho-D-glycerate 2-phosphohydrolase
R01518 D-phosphoglycerate 2,3-phosphomutase
R01600 ATP:beta-D-glucose 6-phosphotransferase
R01662 3-phospho-D-glycerate 1,2-phosphomutase
R01786 ATP:alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphotransferase
R01788 alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate phosphohydrolase
R02187 polyphosphate:D-glucose 6-phosphotransferase
R02189 polyphosphate:D-glucose 6-phosphotransferase
R02569 acetyl-CoA:enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine S-acetyltransferase
R02738 protein-N(pi)-phosphohistidine:D-glucose 6-phosphotransferase
R02739 alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate ketol-isomerase
R04394 protein-N(pi)-phosphohistidine:salicin 6-phosphotransferase
R05132 protein-N(pi)-phosphohistidine:arbutin 6-phosphotransferase
R05133 arbutin 6-phosphate glucohydrolase
R05134 salicin 6-phosphate glucohydrolase
R05198 ethanol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase
R05805 ADP:D-fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase
R07159 D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase
R07618 enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
R09085 ADP:D-glucose 6-phosphotransferase
R09086 ADP:D-glucose 6-phosphotransferase
R09127 ethanol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase
R09479 ethanol:quinone oxidoreductase
R09532 2,3-bisphospho-D-glycerate 3-phosphohydrolase
R10860 D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
R13199 alpha-D-glucose-6-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
Compound
C00118 D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
C00236 3-Phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate
C00354 D-Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
C00668 alpha-D-Glucose 6-phosphate
C01159 2,3-Bisphospho-D-glycerate
C01172 beta-D-Glucose 6-phosphate
C05125 2-(alpha-Hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate
C15972 Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine
C15973 Enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine
C16255 [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] S-acetyldihydrolipoyllysine
Reference
Authors
Nishizuka Y (ed).
Title
[Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1980)
Reference
Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
Authors
Michal G.
Title
Biochemical Pathways
Journal
Wiley (1999)
Related pathway
rn00500 Starch and sucrose metabolism
rn00710 Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms
KO pathway
LinkDB
All DBs