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Cronkhite-Canada syndrome

MedGen UID:
129128
Concept ID:
C0282207
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: POLYPOSIS, SKIN PIGMENTATION, ALOPECIA, AND FINGERNAIL CHANGES
SNOMED CT: Canada-Cronkhite syndrome (76304001); CCS - Cronkhite-Canada syndrome (76304001); Cronkhite-Canada polyposis (76304001); Cronkhite-Canada syndrome (76304001); Gastrointestinal multiple polyposis syndrome (76304001)
Modes of inheritance:
Not genetically inherited
MedGen UID:
988794
Concept ID:
CN307044
Finding
Source: Orphanet
clinical entity without genetic inheritance.
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0008283
OMIM®: 175500
Orphanet: ORPHA2930

Definition

Cronkhite-Canada syndrome is characterized by gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyposis, alopecia, onychodystrophy, skin hyperpigmentation, and diarrhea. It is associated with high morbidity (summary by Sweetser et al., 2012). [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Abdominal pain
MedGen UID:
7803
Concept ID:
C0000737
Sign or Symptom
An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) and perceived to originate in the abdomen.
Hamartomatous polyposis
MedGen UID:
474435
Concept ID:
C3272802
Disease or Syndrome
Polyp-like protrusions which are histologically hamartomas. These can occur throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Hamartomatous polyps are composed of the normal cellular elements of the gastrointestinal tract, but have a markedly distorted architecture.
Clubbing of fingers
MedGen UID:
3129
Concept ID:
C0009080
Finding
Terminal broadening of the fingers (distal phalanges of the fingers).
Clubbing
MedGen UID:
57692
Concept ID:
C0149651
Anatomical Abnormality
Broadening of the soft tissues (non-edematous swelling of soft tissues) of the digital tips in all dimensions associated with an increased longitudinal and lateral curvature of the nails.
Cachexia
MedGen UID:
2773
Concept ID:
C0006625
Sign or Symptom
Severe weight loss, wasting of muscle, loss of appetite, and general debility related to a chronic disease.
Diarrhea
MedGen UID:
8360
Concept ID:
C0011991
Sign or Symptom
Abnormally increased frequency (usually defined as three or more) loose or watery bowel movements a day.
Hematochezia
MedGen UID:
5481
Concept ID:
C0018932
Disease or Syndrome
The passage of fresh (red) blood per anus, usually in or with stools. Most rectal bleeding comes from the colon, rectum, or anus.
Protein-losing enteropathy
MedGen UID:
19522
Concept ID:
C0033680
Disease or Syndrome
Complement hyperactivation, angiopathic thrombosis, and protein-losing enteropathy (CHAPLE) is characterized by abdominal pain and diarrhea, primary intestinal lymphangiectasia, hypoproteinemic edema, and malabsorption. Some patients also exhibit bowel inflammation, recurrent infections associated with hypogammaglobulinemia, and/or angiopathic thromboembolic disease. Patient T lymphocytes show increased complement activation, causing surface deposition of complement and generating soluble C5a (Ozen et al., 2017).
Vomiting
MedGen UID:
12124
Concept ID:
C0042963
Sign or Symptom
Forceful ejection of the contents of the stomach through the mouth by means of a series of involuntary spasmic contractions.
Gastrointestinal carcinoma
MedGen UID:
57467
Concept ID:
C0151544
Neoplastic Process
A malignant neoplasm that arises from the epithelium of any part of the digestive system. Representative examples include colorectal carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, and pancreatic carcinoma.
Malabsorption
MedGen UID:
811453
Concept ID:
C3714745
Finding
Impaired ability to absorb one or more nutrients from the intestine.
Anorexia
MedGen UID:
315
Concept ID:
C0003123
Disease or Syndrome
Anorexia, or the loss of appetite for food, is a medical condition.
Paresthesia
MedGen UID:
14619
Concept ID:
C0030554
Disease or Syndrome
Abnormal sensations such as tingling, pricking, or numbness of the skin with no apparent physical cause.
Anemia
MedGen UID:
1526
Concept ID:
C0002871
Disease or Syndrome
A reduction in erythrocytes volume or hemoglobin concentration.
Thromboembolism
MedGen UID:
21532
Concept ID:
C0040038
Pathologic Function
The formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel that subsequently travels through the blood stream from the site where it formed to another location in the body, generally leading to vascular occlusion at the distant site.
Muscle weakness
MedGen UID:
57735
Concept ID:
C0151786
Finding
Reduced strength of muscles.
Hypocalcemia
MedGen UID:
5705
Concept ID:
C0020598
Disease or Syndrome
An abnormally decreased calcium concentration in the blood.
Hypokalemia
MedGen UID:
5712
Concept ID:
C0020621
Finding
An abnormally decreased potassium concentration in the blood.
Hypomagnesemia
MedGen UID:
57481
Concept ID:
C0151723
Disease or Syndrome
An abnormally decreased magnesium concentration in the blood.
Glossitis
MedGen UID:
6618
Concept ID:
C0017675
Disease or Syndrome
Inflammation of the tongue.
Xerostomia
MedGen UID:
22735
Concept ID:
C0043352
Disease or Syndrome
Dryness of the mouth due to salivary gland dysfunction.
Alopecia
MedGen UID:
7982
Concept ID:
C0002170
Finding
A noncongenital process of hair loss, which may progress to partial or complete baldness.
Hyperpigmentation of the skin
MedGen UID:
57992
Concept ID:
C0162834
Pathologic Function
A darkening of the skin related to an increase in melanin production and deposition.
Nail dystrophy
MedGen UID:
66368
Concept ID:
C0221260
Disease or Syndrome
Onychodystrophy (nail dystrophy) refers to nail changes apart from changes of the color (nail dyschromia) and involves partial or complete disruption of the various keratinous layers of the nail plate.
Nail dysplasia
MedGen UID:
331737
Concept ID:
C1834405
Congenital Abnormality
The presence of developmental dysplasia of the nail.
Cataract
MedGen UID:
39462
Concept ID:
C0086543
Disease or Syndrome
A cataract is an opacity or clouding that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its capsule.

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • Cronkhite-Canada syndrome
Follow this link to review classifications for Cronkhite-Canada syndrome in Orphanet.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Pham JT, Kisiel JB, Sweetser S
Int J Colorectal Dis 2023 Feb 13;38(1):39. doi: 10.1007/s00384-023-04332-w. PMID: 36781513
Watanabe C, Komoto S, Tomita K, Hokari R, Tanaka M, Hirata I, Hibi T, Kaunitz JD, Miura S
J Gastroenterol 2016 Apr;51(4):327-36. Epub 2015 Jul 28 doi: 10.1007/s00535-015-1107-7. PMID: 26216651Free PMC Article
Ward EM, Wolfsen HC
Expert Opin Pharmacother 2003 Mar;4(3):385-9. doi: 10.1517/14656566.4.3.385. PMID: 12614190

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Yu X, Wang C, Wang M, Wu Y, Zhang L, Yang Q, Chen L
Scand J Gastroenterol 2022 Aug;57(8):958-964. Epub 2022 Mar 15 doi: 10.1080/00365521.2022.2048885. PMID: 35289240
Wang W, Shao Y, Zhao DH, Xue F, Ma XB, Li Q, Liu CX
Turk J Gastroenterol 2022 Jan;33(1):19-29. doi: 10.5152/tjg.2021.20667. PMID: 35040784Free PMC Article
Brosens LA, Wood LD, Offerhaus GJ, Arnold CA, Lam-Himlin D, Giardiello FM, Montgomery EA
Int J Surg Pathol 2016 May;24(3):185-99. Epub 2015 Dec 31 doi: 10.1177/1066896915620013. PMID: 26721304
Calva D, Howe JR
Surg Clin North Am 2008 Aug;88(4):779-817, vii. doi: 10.1016/j.suc.2008.05.002. PMID: 18672141Free PMC Article
Sood A, Sood N, Midha V
J Assoc Physicians India 2000 Nov;48(11):1116-8. PMID: 11310396

Diagnosis

Sapkota P, Gurung RB, Shrestha A, Paudel I, Shrestha P
JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2022 May 5;60(249):473-477. doi: 10.31729/jnma.7407. PMID: 35633239Free PMC Article
Kwon J, Fluxá-Cardenas D, Francis D
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022 Jun;20(6):e1224-e1225. Epub 2021 Sep 4 doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.08.054. PMID: 34492384
Zhu LP, Zhong WL, Wang ZG, Sun KD, Liu QLF, Zhao J, Zhao JW, Chen X, Wang BM
J Dig Dis 2021 Nov;22(11):663-671. doi: 10.1111/1751-2980.13062. PMID: 34697888
Vashistha N, Chakravarty S, Singhal D
Gastrointest Endosc 2017 Nov;86(5):922-923. Epub 2017 May 30 doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2017.05.028. PMID: 28576394
Kim YS, Chun HJ, Jeen YT, Um SH, Kim CD, Hyun JH
Gastrointest Endosc 2004 Sep;60(3):432-3. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5107(04)01703-1. PMID: 15332040

Therapy

Pham JT, Kisiel JB, Sweetser S
Int J Colorectal Dis 2023 Feb 13;38(1):39. doi: 10.1007/s00384-023-04332-w. PMID: 36781513
Liu Y, Zhang L, Yang Y, Peng T
J Int Med Res 2020 May;48(5):300060520922427. doi: 10.1177/0300060520922427. PMID: 32459145Free PMC Article
Nakamura M, Kobashikawa K, Tamura J, Takaki R, Ohshiro M, Hirata T, Kinjo F, Fujita J
Intern Med 2009;48(17):1561-2. Epub 2009 Sep 1 doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.48.2500. PMID: 19721305
Sood A, Sood N, Midha V
J Assoc Physicians India 2000 Nov;48(11):1116-8. PMID: 11310396
Cotterill JA, Hughes JP, Day JL, Paulley JW, Turk E
Postgrad Med J 1973 Apr;49(570):268-73. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.49.570.268. PMID: 4760723Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Pham JT, Kisiel JB, Sweetser S
Int J Colorectal Dis 2023 Feb 13;38(1):39. doi: 10.1007/s00384-023-04332-w. PMID: 36781513
Yu X, Wang C, Wang M, Wu Y, Zhang L, Yang Q, Chen L
Scand J Gastroenterol 2022 Aug;57(8):958-964. Epub 2022 Mar 15 doi: 10.1080/00365521.2022.2048885. PMID: 35289240
Slavik T, Montgomery EA
J Clin Pathol 2014 Oct;67(10):891-7. doi: 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202488. PMID: 25004941
Junnarkar SP, Sloan JM, Johnston BT, Laird JD, Irwin ST
Ulster Med J 2001 May;70(1):56-8. PMID: 11428328Free PMC Article
Sood A, Sood N, Midha V
J Assoc Physicians India 2000 Nov;48(11):1116-8. PMID: 11310396

Clinical prediction guides

Yu X, Wang C, Wang M, Wu Y, Zhang L, Yang Q, Chen L
Scand J Gastroenterol 2022 Aug;57(8):958-964. Epub 2022 Mar 15 doi: 10.1080/00365521.2022.2048885. PMID: 35289240
Zhu LP, Zhong WL, Wang ZG, Sun KD, Liu QLF, Zhao J, Zhao JW, Chen X, Wang BM
J Dig Dis 2021 Nov;22(11):663-671. doi: 10.1111/1751-2980.13062. PMID: 34697888
Lu Y, Huang F, Wang Y, Zhou J, Zhao Q, Liu L
Dig Dis 2021;39(5):488-495. Epub 2021 Jan 13 doi: 10.1159/000514354. PMID: 33440392
Jiang CD, Myint H, Tie A, Stace NH
BMJ Case Rep 2020 Dec 21;13(12) doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236990. PMID: 33370944Free PMC Article
Liu S, You Y, Ruan G, Zhou L, Chen D, Wu D, Yan X, Zhang S, Zhou W, Li J, Qian J
Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2020 Apr;11(4):e00167. doi: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000167. PMID: 32352683Free PMC Article

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