APLNR apelin receptor [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: APLNRprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: apelin receptorprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:339
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000134817 MIM:600052; AllianceGenome:HGNC:339
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: APJ; APJR; HG11; AGTRL1
Summary: This gene encodes a member of the G protein-coupled receptor gene family. The encoded protein is related to the angiotensin receptor, but is actually an apelin receptor that inhibits adenylate cyclase activity and plays a counter-regulatory role against the pressure action of angiotensin II by exerting hypertensive effect. It functions in the cardiovascular and central nervous systems, in glucose metabolism, in embryonic and tumor angiogenesis and as a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) coreceptor. Two transcript variants resulting from alternative splicing have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009]
Expression: Biased expression in spleen (RPKM 57.2), placenta (RPKM 39.1) and 11 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 11q12.1

Exon count:: 1

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2023_10	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	11	NC_000011.10 (57233591..57237250, complement)
RS_2023_10	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	11	NC_060935.1 (57183042..57186701, complement)
105.20220307	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	11	NC_000011.9 (57001065..57004724, complement)

Chromosome 11 - NC_000011.10 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

The regulatory role of the apelin/APJ axis in scarring: Identification of upstream and downstream mechanisms.
Title: The regulatory role of the apelin/APJ axis in scarring: Identification of upstream and downstream mechanisms.
The regulatory effects of the apelin/APJ system on depression: A prospective therapeutic target.
Title: The regulatory effects of the apelin/APJ system on depression: A prospective therapeutic target.
Therapeutic potential of apelin and Elabela in cardiovascular disease.
Title: Therapeutic potential of apelin and Elabela in cardiovascular disease.
Heterodimerization of apelin and opioid receptor-like 1 receptors mediates apelin-13-induced G protein biased signaling.
Title: Heterodimerization of apelin and opioid receptor-like 1 receptors mediates apelin-13-induced G protein biased signaling.
DNMT1 mediates proliferation, migration and invasion of extravillous trophoblasts by regulating the methylation level of APLNR.
Title: DNMT1 mediates proliferation, migration and invasion of extravillous trophoblasts by regulating the methylation level of APLNR.
Apelin/ELABELA-APJ system in cardiac hypertrophy: Regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic potential.
Title: Apelin/ELABELA-APJ system in cardiac hypertrophy: Regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic potential.
Reduced Apela/APJ system expression in patients with pulmonary artery hypertension secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Title: Reduced Apela/APJ system expression in patients with pulmonary artery hypertension secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Inducible apelin receptor knockdown reduces differentiation efficiency and contractility of hESC-derived cardiomyocytes.
Title: Inducible apelin receptor knockdown reduces differentiation efficiency and contractility of hESC-derived cardiomyocytes.
Evaluation of angiogenic apelin/apelin receptor axis in normal prostate, high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostatic adenocarcinoma.
Title: Evaluation of angiogenic apelin/apelin receptor axis in normal prostate, high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostatic adenocarcinoma.
Upregulated Apelin Signaling in Pancreatic Cancer Activates Oncogenic Signaling Pathways to Promote Tumor Development.
Title: Upregulated Apelin Signaling in Pancreatic Cancer Activates Oncogenic Signaling Pathways to Promote Tumor Development.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (111)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120	env	APJ, a seven transmembrane domain G-protein-coupled receptor, functions as a coreceptor for gp120 from some HIV-1 strains; a natural peptide ligand for APJ, apelin-13, efficiently blocks APJ coreceptor activity	PubMed
	env	Macrophage-tropic HIV-1 can use CCR2b, and to a lesser extent CCR3, STRL33, and APJ, to infect cells; the V1/2 region of HIV-1 gp120 plays a more important role in governing the use of CCR2b, CCR3, STRL33, and APJ than for CXCR4	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

RH70528 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:47893

AGTRL1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:34070

AGTRL1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:480061

A004D04 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:11355

PMC110125P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270183

SHGC-132053 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:170618

D11S4599 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:4775

D11S1946E (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:149442

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables G protein-coupled receptor activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables apelin receptor activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables signaling receptor activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in adult heart development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in angiogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in aorta development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in atrioventricular valve development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in blood vessel development	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in coronary vasculature development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in endocardial cushion formation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in gastrulation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in heart development	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in heart development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in heart looping	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in negative regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of negative regulation of gene expression	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of angiogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of inhibitory G protein-coupled receptor phosphorylation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of body fluid levels	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of gap junction assembly	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of gene expression	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in vasculature development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in vasculogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in venous blood vessel development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in ventricular septum morphogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in plasma membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in plasma membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: apelin receptor

Names: APJ (apelin) receptor; APJ receptor; G protein-coupled receptor APJ; G-protein coupled receptor HG11; HG11 orphan receptor; angiotensin II receptor-like 1; angiotensin receptor-like 1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_005161.6 → NP_005152.1 apelin receptor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_005152.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the functional protein.

Source sequence(s)

AP001786

Consensus CDS

CCDS7950.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P35414

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B2RDH3, B3KQN4

Related

ENSP00000475344.1, ENST00000606794.2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd15190
Location:19 → 320

7tmA_Apelin_R; apelin receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

RNA

NR_027991.2 RNA Sequence

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate internal segment, compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most supported translational start codon, as used in variant 1, renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).

Source sequence(s)

BC032688, X89271