Th tyrosine hydroxylase [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Thprovided by RGD
Official Full Name: tyrosine hydroxylaseprovided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:3853
See related: Ensembl:ENSRNOG00000020410 AllianceGenome:RGD:3853
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: PROVISIONAL
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: The
Summary: Enables several functions, including cation binding activity; tetrahydrobiopterin binding activity; and tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity. Involved in several processes, including aminergic neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle; carboxylic acid metabolic process; and cellular response to nicotine. Located in several cellular components, including cytoplasmic vesicle; perikaryon; and terminal bouton. Used to study Parkinson's disease. Biomarker of several diseases, including brain disease (multiple); hyperprolactinemia; hypoglycemia; polycystic ovary syndrome; and portal hypertension. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in Parkinson's disease; Parkinsonism; hypertension; and obesity. Orthologous to human TH (tyrosine hydroxylase). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
Expression: Restricted expression toward (RPKM 273.3) See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
NEW: Try the new Gene table
Try the new Transcript table

Genomic context

Location:: 1q41

Exon count:: 13

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	1	NC_086019.1 (207500959..207508276, complement)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	1	NC_051336.1 (198071500..198078832, complement)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	1	NC_005100.4 (216073034..216080287, complement)

Chromosome 1 - NC_086019.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Go to the top of the page Help

Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

Go to the top of the page Help

See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

Go to the top of the page Help

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Role of Brain Endothelin Receptor Type B (ETB) in the Regulation of Tyrosine Hydroxylase in the Olfactory Bulb of DOCA-Salt Hypertensive Rats.
Title: Role of Brain Endothelin Receptor Type B (ET(B)) in the Regulation of Tyrosine Hydroxylase in the Olfactory Bulb of DOCA-Salt Hypertensive Rats.
Downregulation of microRNA-330-5p induces manic-like behaviors in REM sleep-deprived rats by enhancing tyrosine hydroxylase expression.
Title: Downregulation of microRNA-330-5p induces manic-like behaviors in REM sleep-deprived rats by enhancing tyrosine hydroxylase expression.
Diabetes Induces Permanent Deleterious Effects in the Olfactory Bulb Associated with Increased Tyrosine Hydroxylase Expression and ERK1/2 Phosphorylation.
Title: Diabetes Induces Permanent Deleterious Effects in the Olfactory Bulb Associated with Increased Tyrosine Hydroxylase Expression and ERK1/2 Phosphorylation.
Reduction of tyrosine hydroxylase expression and increase of alpha-synuclein in the substantia nigra in a rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Title: Reduction of tyrosine hydroxylase expression and increase of α-synuclein in the substantia nigra in a rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
beta-Methylphenylalanine exerts neuroprotective effects in a Parkinson's disease model by protecting against tyrosine hydroxylase depletion.
Title: β-Methylphenylalanine exerts neuroprotective effects in a Parkinson's disease model by protecting against tyrosine hydroxylase depletion.
These results indicate that NT5DC2 inhibited the synthesis of dopamine by decreasing the enzymatic activity of tyrosine hydroxylase.
Title: Identification by nano-LC-MS/MS of NT5DC2 as a protein binding to tyrosine hydroxylase: Down-regulation of NT5DC2 by siRNA increases catecholamine synthesis in PC12D cells.
These results indicate that dopamine or TH loss in the substantia nigra, as observed in aging, contributes as a central mechanism of reduced movement frequency.
Title: Tyrosine Hydroxylase Inhibition in Substantia Nigra Decreases Movement Frequency.
a significant reduction in expression of the dopaminergic regulation factors Nurr1 and Pitx3 could not effectively regulate TH in the VTA during chronic morphine dependence, which affects the survival of dopaminergic neurons and ultimately leads to neuronal pathology.
Title: Dysregulation of Dopaminergic Regulatory Factors TH, Nurr1, and Pitx3 in the Ventral Tegmental Area Associated with Neuronal Injury Induced by Chronic Morphine Dependence.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of propolis, pollen, and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity and total RNA levels of L-NAME inhibition of nitric oxide synthase in the heart, adrenal medulla, and hypothalamus of hypertensive male Sprague dawley rats
Title: The effects of pollen, propolis, and caffeic acid phenethyl ester on tyrosine hydroxylase activity and total RNA levels in hypertensive rats caused by nitric oxide synthase inhibition: experimental, docking and molecular dynamic studies.
In hepatic encephalopathy model rats, a reduction in TH-positive neurons was seen at both 1 and 6 months in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), as well as a reduction in TH-positive fibres in the striatum. This was coincident with the appearance of alpha-synuclein-immunoreactive neurons in the SNc; some of the TH-positive neurons also showed alpha-synuclein immunoreactivity.
Title: Reduced TH expression and α-synuclein accumulation contribute towards nigrostriatal dysfunction in experimental hepatic encephalopathy.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (140)

Interactions

Go to the top of the page Help

Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

Go to the top of the page Help

Markers

PMC151031P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:271133

Th (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:545835

PMC18740P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:271726

RH94698 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:119945

D1Smu3 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:517824

Tmem50b (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:527583

Th (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:144615

M69200 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:159723

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables amino acid binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables amino acid binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables dopamine binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables enzyme binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables ferric iron binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables ferrous iron binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables identical protein binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables identical protein binding	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables iron ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables monooxygenase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables oxygen binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein domain specific binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables small molecule binding	EXP Inferred from Experiment more info	PubMed
enables small molecule binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables tetrahydrobiopterin binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in aminergic neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within animal organ morphogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in catecholamine biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to alkaloid	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to glucose stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to growth factor stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to manganese ion	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to nicotine	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cerebral cortex development	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in circadian sleep/wake cycle	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cognition	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in dopamine biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in dopamine biosynthetic process from tyrosine	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in dopamine biosynthetic process from tyrosine	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in dopamine biosynthetic process from tyrosine	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within dopamine biosynthetic process from tyrosine	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within eating behavior	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in embryonic camera-type eye morphogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in epinephrine biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in eye photoreceptor cell development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in fatty acid metabolic process	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in glycoside metabolic process	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in heart development	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in heart development	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within heart development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in hyaloid vascular plexus regression	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in hyaloid vascular plexus regression	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in isoquinoline alkaloid metabolic process	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within learning	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within locomotory behavior	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within mating behavior	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within memory	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in norepinephrine biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in phthalate metabolic process	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in phytoalexin metabolic process	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of heart contraction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to activity	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to amphetamine	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to corticosterone	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to electrical stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to estradiol	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to ethanol	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in response to ethanol	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to ethanol	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to ether	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to growth factor	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to herbicide	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to hypoxia	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in response to hypoxia	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to hypoxia	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to hypoxia	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to immobilization stress	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to insecticide	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to isolation stress	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to light stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to lipopolysaccharide	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to metal ion	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to nicotine	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to nutrient levels	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to organic cyclic compound	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to peptide hormone	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to pyrethroid	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to salt stress	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to steroid hormone	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to xenobiotic stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to zinc ion	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in social behavior	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in sphingolipid metabolic process	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within synaptic transmission, dopaminergic	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in terpene metabolic process	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in visual perception	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in axon	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in axon	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in axon	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytoplasmic vesicle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytoplasmic vesicle membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in dendrite	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in melanosome membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in mitochondrion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in neuron projection	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in neuron projection terminus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in neuronal cell body	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in nucleus	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
is_active_in perikaryon	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in perikaryon	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in perikaryon	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in smooth endoplasmic reticulum	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in synaptic vesicle	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in synaptic vesicle	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in terminal bouton	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

Go to the top of the page Help

Preferred Names: tyrosine 3-monooxygenase

Names: tyrosine 3-hydroxylase

NP_036872.1

EC 1.14.16.2

XP_038957255.1

EC 1.14.16.2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

Go to the top of the page Help

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_012740.4 → NP_036872.1 tyrosine 3-monooxygenase

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_036872.1

Status: PROVISIONAL

Source sequence(s)

JAXUCZ010000001

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P04177

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A6HY86

Related

ENSRNOP00000027682.3, ENSRNOT00000027682.6

Conserved Domains (3) summary

cd04930
Location:38 → 158

ACT_TH; ACT domain of the nonheme iron-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylases (TH)

pfam00351
Location:165 → 495

Biopterin_H; Biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase

pfam12549
Location:2 → 26

TOH_N; Tyrosine hydroxylase N terminal

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_036323735.1-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCr8

Genomic

NC_086019.1 Reference GRCr8

Range

207500959..207508276 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_039101327.2 → XP_038957255.1 tyrosine 3-monooxygenase isoform X1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A8I6AXT4

Related

ENSRNOP00000093950.1

Conserved Domains (3) summary

pfam00351
Location:132 → 462

Biopterin_H; Biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase

pfam12549
Location:2 → 26

TOH_N; Tyrosine hydroxylase N terminal

cl09141
Location:38 → 125

ACT; ACT domains are commonly involved in specifically binding an amino acid or other small ligand leading to regulation of the enzyme