U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

LGALS3 galectin 3 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 3958, updated on 7-Apr-2024

Summary

Go to the top of the page Help
Official Symbol
LGALS3provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
galectin 3provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:6563
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000131981 MIM:153619; AllianceGenome:HGNC:6563
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
L31; GAL3; MAC2; CBP35; GALBP; GALIG; LGALS2
Summary
This gene encodes a member of the galectin family of carbohydrate binding proteins. Members of this protein family have an affinity for beta-galactosides. The encoded protein is characterized by an N-terminal proline-rich tandem repeat domain and a single C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain. This protein can self-associate through the N-terminal domain allowing it to bind to multivalent saccharide ligands. This protein localizes to the extracellular matrix, the cytoplasm and the nucleus. This protein plays a role in numerous cellular functions including apoptosis, innate immunity, cell adhesion and T-cell regulation. The protein exhibits antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]
Annotation information
Note: GeneID 3958 had the official symbol LGALS2 and was identified as the human homolog of mouse Mac-2 (macrophage galactose-specific lectin) in M35368.1 and PMID: 2402511. The official symbol for this gene is now LGALS3. [30 Mar 2010]
Expression
Broad expression in colon (RPKM 302.9), small intestine (RPKM 190.7) and 21 other tissues See more
Orthologs
mouse all
NEW
Try the new Gene table
Try the new Transcript table

Genomic context

Go to the top of the page Help
See LGALS3 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
14q22.3
Exon count:
6
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 14 NC_000014.9 (55129252..55145430)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 14 NC_060938.1 (49334442..49350620)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 14 NC_000014.8 (55595970..55612148)

Chromosome 14 - NC_000014.9Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124903318 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8425 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 8345 Neighboring gene P300/CBP strongly-dependent group 1 enhancer GRCh37_chr14:55574032-55575231 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124903319 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 5780 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8427 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 5571 Neighboring gene DLG associated protein 5 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:55657493-55658046 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:55658047-55658599 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105370508 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:55662229-55662728

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Go to the top of the page Help

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

Go to the top of the page Help
  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

Go to the top of the pageHelp

Related articles in PubMed

  1. The Pivotal Role of Galectin-3 in Viral Infection: A Multifaceted Player in Host-Pathogen Interactions. Stojanovic BS, et al. Int J Mol Sci, 2023 Jun 1. PMID 37298569, Free PMC Article
  2. Galectin-3 shapes toxic alpha-synuclein strains in Parkinson's disease. García-Revilla J, et al. Acta Neuropathol, 2023 Jul. PMID 37202527, Free PMC Article
  3. The necroptosis related gene LGALS3 can be used as a biomarker for the adverse progression from chronic HBV infection to HCC. Dong J, et al. Front Immunol, 2023. PMID 37180150, Free PMC Article
  4. Development of Galectin-3 Targeting Drugs for Therapeutic Applications in Various Diseases. Ahmed R, et al. Int J Mol Sci, 2023 May 1. PMID 37175823, Free PMC Article
  5. Galectin-3 as a Marker for Increased Thrombogenicity in COVID-19. Puccini M, et al. Int J Mol Sci, 2023 Apr 22. PMID 37175392, Free PMC Article

See all (989) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Role of Galectin-3 in intervertebral disc degeneration: an experimental study.
    Title: Role of Galectin-3 in intervertebral disc degeneration: an experimental study.
  2. Galectin-3 does not interact with RNA directly.
    Title: Galectin-3 does not interact with RNA directly.
  3. Galectin-3 promotes fibrosis in ovarian endometriosis.
    Title: Galectin-3 promotes fibrosis in ovarian endometriosis.
  4. Galectin-3, Metabolic Risk, and Incident Heart Failure: The ARIC Study.
    Title: Galectin-3, Metabolic Risk, and Incident Heart Failure: The ARIC Study.
  5. BAP31 Promotes Angiogenesis via Galectin-3 Upregulation in Neuroblastoma.
    Title: BAP31 Promotes Angiogenesis via Galectin-3 Upregulation in Neuroblastoma.
  6. Biophysical and Structural Characterization of the Interaction between Human Galectin-3 and the Lipopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
    Title: Biophysical and Structural Characterization of the Interaction between Human Galectin-3 and the Lipopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  7. The Role of Galectin3, Tubulinbeta, and Maspin in Promoting Tumor Budding in Colorectal Carcinoma and Their Clinical Implications.
    Title: The Role of Galectin3, Tubulinβ, and Maspin in Promoting Tumor Budding in Colorectal Carcinoma and Their Clinical Implications.
  8. Combination of serum alpha-fetoprotein, PIVKA- and glypican-3 in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis.
    Title: Combination of serum alpha-fetoprotein, PIVKA-Ⅱ and glypican-3 in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis.
  9. Association between galectin-3 and the prognosis of patients with stroke: A meta-analysis of observational studies.
    Title: Association between galectin-3 and the prognosis of patients with stroke: A meta-analysis of observational studies.
  10. Galectin-3 and prohibitin 1 are autoantigens in IgG4-related cholangitis without clear-cut protective effects against toxic bile acids.
    Title: Galectin-3 and prohibitin 1 are autoantigens in IgG4-related cholangitis without clear-cut protective effects against toxic bile acids.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (893)

Phenotypes

Go to the top of the page Help

Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
A genome-wide association study of circulating galectin-3.
EBI GWAS Catalog

Variation

Go to the top of the page Help

See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

HIV-1 interactions

Go to the top of the page Help

Replication interactions

Interaction Pubs
Knockdown of galectin-3 by shRNA inhibits HIV-1 production in HuT 78 cells and infectivity in primary CD4+ T cells PubMed

Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
Pr55(Gag) gag Galectin-3 is incorporated into virus particles in the presence of virion-associated Gag PubMed
gag Galectin-3 co-localizes with HIV-1 Gag and Alix, and facilitates the association of Gag with Alix in cells PubMed
Rev rev CBP35 was identified as part of a complex of ribonucleoproteins that bind to RRE RNA, an interaction that is abolished by Rev PubMed
Tat tat HIV-1 Tat upregulates galectin-3 (carbohydrate-binding protein 35; CBP35) expression in an Sp-1 dependent manner PubMed
Vpr vpr HIV-1 Vpr upregulates the gene expression of LGALS3 in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells PubMed
capsid gag Overexpression of galectin-3 enhances HIV-1 production from HIV-1-infected Jurkat cells by measurement of virion-associated CA PubMed
p6 gag Knockdown of Alix by shRNA reduces the association of HIV-1 p6 with galectin-3 in cells PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

Go to the top of the page

Interactions

Go to the top of the page Help
Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Go to the top of the page Help

Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables IgE binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables IgE binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables RNA binding HDA PubMed 
enables carbohydrate binding EXP
Inferred from Experiment
more info
 PubMed 
enables chemoattractant activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables disaccharide binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables laminin binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables laminin binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables molecular condensate scaffold activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein phosphatase binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein phosphatase inhibitor activity IC
Inferred by Curator
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in RNA splicing IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in eosinophil chemotaxis IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in eosinophil chemotaxis IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in epithelial cell differentiation IEP
Inferred from Expression Pattern
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in innate immune response IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in mRNA processing IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in macrophage chemotaxis IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in macrophage chemotaxis IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in monocyte chemotaxis IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in monocyte chemotaxis IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in mononuclear cell migration IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of endocytosis IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of endocytosis IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of immunological synapse formation ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity IC
Inferred by Curator
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in neutrophil chemotaxis IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in neutrophil chemotaxis IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive chemotaxis IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in positive chemotaxis IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of calcium ion import IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of calcium ion import IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
NOT involved_in positive regulation of dendritic cell differentiation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of mononuclear cell migration IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of protein-containing complex assembly IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of T cell apoptotic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of T cell proliferation IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in cell surface ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
colocalizes_with collagen-containing extracellular matrix HDA PubMed 
located_in collagen-containing extracellular matrix HDA PubMed 
is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in cytoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cytosol IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
located_in extracellular region HDA PubMed 
located_in extracellular space HDA PubMed 
is_active_in extracellular space IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in ficolin-1-rich granule membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
is_active_in immunological synapse IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in immunological synapse IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in membrane HDA PubMed 
located_in mitochondrial inner membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in nucleoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
is_active_in nucleus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in nucleus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in plasma membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in secretory granule membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
part_of spliceosomal complex IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  

General protein information

Go to the top of the page Help
Preferred Names
galectin-3
Names
35 kDa lectin
IgE-binding protein
MAC-2 antigen
advanced glycation end-product receptor 3
carbohydrate-binding protein 35
epididymis secretory sperm binding protein
galactose-specific lectin 3
laminin-binding protein
lectin L-29
lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 3

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

Go to the top of the page Help

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_017089.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5036..21207
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001357678.2 → NP_001344607.1  galectin-3 isoform 3

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AB006780, AL139316, BU681070
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6FGL0, Q6NVH9
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd00070
    Location:131 → 258
    GLECT; Galectin/galactose-binding lectin. This domain exclusively binds beta-galactosides, such as lactose, and does not require metal ions for activity. GLECT domains occur as homodimers or tandemly repeated domains. They are developmentally regulated and may ...
    cl26386
    Location:23 → 127
    DNA_pol3_gamma3; DNA polymerase III subunits gamma and tau domain III

  2. NM_002306.4 → NP_002297.2  galectin-3 isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_002297.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AB006780, BU681070
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS41956.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B2RC38, P17931, Q16005, Q6IBA7, Q96J47
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A024R693, Q6FGL0, Q6NVH9
    Related
    ENSP00000254301.9, ENST00000254301.14
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    PRK07764
    Location:9 → 113
    PRK07764; DNA polymerase III subunits gamma and tau; Validated
    cd00070
    Location:117 → 244
    GLECT; Galectin/galactose-binding lectin. This domain exclusively binds beta-galactosides, such as lactose, and does not require metal ions for activity. GLECT domains occur as homodimers or tandemly repeated domains. They are developmentally regulated and may ...

RNA

  1. NR_003225.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) has an alternate 5' exon, compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most supported translational start codon, as used in variant 1, renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
    Source sequence(s)
    AL139316, BU681070, BX641090
    Related
    ENST00000556438.6

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000014.9 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    55129252..55145430
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060938.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    49334442..49350620
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

  1. NM_001177388.1: Suppressed sequence

    Description
    NM_001177388.1: This RefSeq was removed because currently there is insufficient support for the transcript and the protein.
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P17931.5 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P17931

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

Chemical Information
Molecular Biology Databases
Research Materials
Tools
Miscellaneous