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ATXN3 ataxin 3 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 4287, updated on 11-Apr-2024

Summary

Official Symbol
ATXN3provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
ataxin 3provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:7106
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000066427 MIM:607047; AllianceGenome:HGNC:7106
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
AT3; JOS; MJD; ATX3; MJD1; SCA3
Summary
Machado-Joseph disease, also known as spinocerebellar ataxia-3, is an autosomal dominant neurologic disorder. The protein encoded by this gene contains (CAG)n repeats in the coding region, and the expansion of these repeats from the normal 12-44 to 52-86 is one cause of Machado-Joseph disease. There is a negative correlation between the age of onset and CAG repeat numbers. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in skin (RPKM 4.6), testis (RPKM 3.0) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

Location:
14q32.12
Exon count:
17
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 14 NC_000014.9 (92044775..92106582, complement)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 14 NC_060938.1 (86274279..86336122, complement)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 14 NC_000014.8 (92524896..92572926, complement)

Chromosome 14 - NC_000014.9Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:92363455-92363968 Neighboring gene fibulin 5 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:92392675-92393174 Neighboring gene thyroid hormone receptor interactor 11 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:92506403-92507190 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124903363 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak2235 silencer Neighboring gene prothymosin alpha pseudogene 7 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak2236 silencer Neighboring gene ataxin 3 repeat instability region Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6031 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:92566141-92566677 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:92572215-92573149 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:92574354-92575164 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:92586481-92587470 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8927 Neighboring gene NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B1 Neighboring gene cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 2 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr14:92624044-92624245

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Expression

  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Phenotypes

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genetics of coronary artery calcification among African Americans, a meta-analysis.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome wide study of maternal and parent-of-origin effects on the etiology of orofacial clefts.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Identification of ten loci associated with height highlights new biological pathways in human growth.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Many sequence variants affecting diversity of adult human height.
EBI GWAS Catalog

Pathways from PubChem

Interactions

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Markers

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables ATPase binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables K48-linked deubiquitinase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables K63-linked deubiquitinase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables cysteine-type deubiquitinase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
enables cysteine-type deubiquitinase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables cysteine-type deubiquitinase activity ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
enables cysteine-type deubiquitinase activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables ubiquitin protein ligase binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables ubiquitin protein ligase binding ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within actin cytoskeleton organization IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in cellular response to amino acid starvation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in cellular response to heat ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in cellular response to misfolded protein ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in chemical synaptic transmission TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within microtubule cytoskeleton organization IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in monoubiquitinated protein deubiquitination ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of TORC1 signaling IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in nervous system development TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
involved_in nucleotide-excision repair TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of ERAD pathway IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in protein K48-linked deubiquitination IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in protein K63-linked deubiquitination IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in protein deubiquitination IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
involved_in protein localization to cytosolic proteasome complex IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in protein quality control for misfolded or incompletely synthesized proteins ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of cell-substrate adhesion IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in cytoplasm TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
located_in cytosol IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in cytosol TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
colocalizes_with endoplasmic reticulum membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
is_active_in lysosomal membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in mitochondrial matrix ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
located_in mitochondrial membrane ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
located_in nuclear inclusion body ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
located_in nuclear matrix IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
located_in nucleolus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 
located_in nucleoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 
located_in nucleoplasm TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
is_active_in nucleus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
located_in nucleus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in plasma membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 
located_in synapse IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 

General protein information

Preferred Names
ataxin-3
Names
Machado-Joseph disease protein 1
josephin
olivopontocerebellar ataxia 3
spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 protein
NP_001121168.1
NP_001121169.2
NP_001158246.1
NP_001158248.1
NP_001158249.1
NP_001158250.1
NP_001158251.1
NP_001158252.1
NP_001158253.1
NP_001158254.1
NP_001410999.1
NP_004984.2
NP_109376.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_008198.2 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5040..53070
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics), LRG_865

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001127696.2NP_001121168.1  ataxin-3 isoform ad

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (ad, also known as variant 3) is one of several transcript variants described in figure 2 of Bettencourt et al. (PMID: 19714377). This variant encodes isoform ad (also known as isoform 3).
    Source sequence(s)
    AB050194, AL049872, BU190081
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS45154.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q4VBR4
    Related
    ENSP00000426697.1, ENST00000503767.5
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    pfam02099
    Location:9148
    Josephin; Josephin
    pfam16619
    Location:249313
    SUIM_assoc; Unstructured region C-term to UIM in Ataxin3
  2. NM_001127697.3NP_001121169.2  ataxin-3 isoform e

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (e, also known as variant 4) is one of several transcript variants described in figure 2 of Bettencourt et al. (PMID: 19714377). This variant encodes isoform e (also known as isoform 4).
    Source sequence(s)
    AL049872, AL121773
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A0A0MS38, G3V4U9
    Related
    ENSP00000376965.6, ENST00000393287.9
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    pfam02099
    Location:9112
    Josephin; Josephin
    pfam16619
    Location:213277
    SUIM_assoc; Unstructured region C-term to UIM in Ataxin3
  3. NM_001164774.2NP_001158246.1  ataxin-3 isoform b

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (b) is one of several transcript variants described in figure 2 of Bettencourt et al. (PMID: 19714377). This variant encodes isoform b.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL049872, AL121773
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam02099
    Location:956
    Josephin; Josephin
  4. NM_001164776.2NP_001158248.1  ataxin-3 isoform g

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (g) is one of several transcript variants described in figure 2 of Bettencourt et al. (PMID: 19714377). This variant encodes isoform g.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL049872, AL121773
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    D3VVF1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam02099
    Location:978
    Josephin; Josephin
  5. NM_001164777.2NP_001158249.1  ataxin-3 isoform j

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (j) is one of several transcript variants described in figure 2 of Bettencourt et al. (PMID: 19714377). This variant encodes isoform j.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL049872, AL121773
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam02099
    Location:1023
    Josephin; Josephin
  6. NM_001164778.2NP_001158250.1  ataxin-3 isoform o

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (o) is one of several transcript variants described in figure 2 of Bettencourt et al. (PMID: 19714377). This variant encodes isoform o.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL049872, AL121773
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    G3V4F5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam02099
    Location:9129
    Josephin; Josephin
  7. NM_001164779.2NP_001158251.1  ataxin-3 isoform r

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (r) is one of several transcript variants described in figure 2 of Bettencourt et al. (PMID: 19714377). This variant encodes isoform r.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL049872, AL121773
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    D3VVI1
    Related
    ENSP00000450641.1, ENST00000556220.5
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    pfam02099
    Location:542
    Josephin; Josephin
    pfam16619
    Location:143207
    SUIM_assoc; Unstructured region C-term to UIM in Ataxin3
  8. NM_001164780.2NP_001158252.1  ataxin-3 isoform u

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (u) is one of several transcript variants described in figure 2 of Bettencourt et al. (PMID: 19714377). This variant encodes isoform u. PMID:19714377 predicts that this is a noncoding transcript, but there is a downstream orf that may encode a protein identical to the C-terminus of the reference isoform.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL049872, AL121773
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS53908.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    G3V2G2
    Related
    ENSP00000425322.1, ENST00000502250.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam16619
    Location:85149
    SUIM_assoc; Unstructured region C-term to UIM in Ataxin3
  9. NM_001164781.2NP_001158253.1  ataxin-3 isoform y

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (y) is one of several transcript variants described in figure 2 of Bettencourt et al. (PMID: 19714377). This variant encodes isoform y.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL049872, AL121773
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS73680.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    C9JQV6, G3V328
    Related
    ENSP00000389376.3, ENST00000429774.6
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    pfam02099
    Location:993
    Josephin; Josephin
    pfam16619
    Location:194258
    SUIM_assoc; Unstructured region C-term to UIM in Ataxin3
  10. NM_001164782.2NP_001158254.1  ataxin-3 isoform ae

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (ae) is one of several transcript variants described in figure 2 of Bettencourt et al. (PMID: 19714377). This variant encodes isoform ae.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL049872, AL121773
  11. NM_001424070.1NP_001410999.1  ataxin-3 isoform ag

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    CP068264
  12. NM_004993.6NP_004984.2  ataxin-3 reference isoform

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_004984.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (reference, also known as variant 1) encodes the longest isoform (reference isoform, also known as isoform 1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AB050194, AL049872, DA827537
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS9900.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A7LFZ5, D6RDL9, E9PB63, O15284, O15285, O15286, P54252, Q8N189, Q96TC3, Q96TC4, Q9H3N0
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q4VBR4
    Related
    ENSP00000496695.1, ENST00000644486.2
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    pfam02099
    Location:11163
    Josephin; Josephin
    pfam16619
    Location:264328
    SUIM_assoc; Unstructured region C-term to UIM in Ataxin3
  13. NM_030660.5NP_109376.1  ataxin-3 isoform h

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_109376.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (h, also known as variant 2) is one of several transcript variants described in figure 2 of Bettencourt et al. (PMID: 19714377). This variant encodes isoform h (also known as isoform 2).
    Source sequence(s)
    AB050194, AL049872
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS32143.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    D3VVK3
    Related
    ENSP00000339110.6, ENST00000340660.10
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    pfam02099
    Location:10108
    Josephin; Josephin
    pfam16619
    Location:209273
    SUIM_assoc; Unstructured region C-term to UIM in Ataxin3

RNA

  1. NR_028453.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (a) is one of several transcript variants described in figure 2 of Bettencourt et al. (PMID: 19714377). This variant is not thought to be protein-coding.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL049872, AL121773
  2. NR_028454.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (d) is one of several transcript variants described in figure 2 of Bettencourt et al. (PMID: 19714377). This variant is not thought to be protein-coding.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL049872, AL121773
  3. NR_028455.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (f) is one of several transcript variants described in figure 2 of Bettencourt et al. (PMID: 19714377). This variant is not thought to be protein-coding.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL049872, AL121773
  4. NR_028456.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (i) is one of several transcript variants described in figure 2 of Bettencourt et al. (PMID: 19714377). This variant is not thought to be protein-coding.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL049872, AL121773
  5. NR_028457.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (k) is one of several transcript variants described in figure 2 of Bettencourt et al. (PMID: 19714377). This variant is not thought to be protein-coding.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL049872, AL121773
  6. NR_028458.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (l) is one of several transcript variants described in figure 2 of Bettencourt et al. (PMID: 19714377). This variant is not thought to be protein-coding.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL049872, AL121773
  7. NR_028459.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (m) is one of several transcript variants described in figure 2 of Bettencourt et al. (PMID: 19714377). This variant is a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay candidate and is not thought to be protein-coding, although PMID:19714377 predicts that it is protein-coding.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL049872, AL121773
  8. NR_028460.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (n) is one of several transcript variants described in figure 2 of Bettencourt et al. (PMID: 19714377). This variant is not thought to be protein-coding.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL049872, AL121773
  9. NR_028461.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (p) is one of several transcript variants described in figure 2 of Bettencourt et al. (PMID: 19714377). This variant is not thought to be protein-coding.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL049872, AL121773
  10. NR_028462.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (q) is one of several transcript variants described in figure 2 of Bettencourt et al. (PMID: 19714377). This variant is a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay candidate and is not thought to be protein-coding, although PMID:19714377 predicts that it is protein-coding.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL049872, AL121773
  11. NR_028463.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (t) is one of several transcript variants described in figure 2 of Bettencourt et al. (PMID: 19714377). This variant is not thought to be protein-coding.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL049872, AL121773
  12. NR_028464.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (v) is one of several transcript variants described in figure 2 of Bettencourt et al. (PMID: 19714377). This variant is a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay candidate and is not thought to be protein-coding, although PMID:19714377 predicts that it is protein-coding.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL049872, AL121773
  13. NR_028465.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (w) is one of several transcript variants described in figure 2 of Bettencourt et al. (PMID: 19714377). This variant is not thought to be protein-coding.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL049872, AL121773
  14. NR_028466.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (x) is one of several transcript variants described in figure 2 of Bettencourt et al. (PMID: 19714377). This variant is not thought to be protein-coding.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL049872, AL121773
  15. NR_028467.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (z) is one of several transcript variants described in figure 2 of Bettencourt et al. (PMID: 19714377). This variant is not thought to be protein-coding.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL049872, AL121773
  16. NR_028468.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (ac) is one of several transcript variants described in figure 2 of Bettencourt et al. (PMID: 19714377). This variant is not thought to be protein-coding.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL049872, AL121773
  17. NR_028469.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (af) is one of several transcript variants described in figure 2 of Bettencourt et al. (PMID: 19714377). This variant is not thought to be protein-coding.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL049872, AL121773
  18. NR_028470.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (am) is one of several transcript variants described in figure 2 of Bettencourt et al. (PMID: 19714377). This variant is not thought to be protein-coding.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL049872, AL121773
  19. NR_031765.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (c) is one of several transcript variants described in figure 2 of Bettencourt et al. (PMID: 19714377). This variant is not thought to be protein-coding.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL049872, AL121773
  20. NR_187583.1 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL049872, AL121773
  21. NR_187584.1 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL049872, AL121773

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000014.9 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    92044775..92106582 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060938.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    86274279..86336122 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

  1. NM_001024631.1: Suppressed sequence

    Description
    NM_001024631.1: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it is a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) candidate.