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KLK15 kallikrein related peptidase 15 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 55554, updated on 3-Apr-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
KLK15provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
kallikrein related peptidase 15provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:20453
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000174562 MIM:610601; AllianceGenome:HGNC:20453
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
ACO; HSRNASPH
Summary
Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having diverse physiological functions. Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers. This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. In prostate cancer, this gene has increased expression, which indicates its possible use as a diagnostic or prognostic marker for prostate cancer. The gene contains multiple polyadenylation sites and alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression
Biased expression in colon (RPKM 1.2), testis (RPKM 1.0) and 5 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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Location:
19q13.33
Exon count:
6
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 19 NC_000019.10 (50825289..50833574, complement)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 19 NC_060943.1 (53914924..53923210, complement)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 19 NC_000019.9 (51328545..51336830, complement)

Chromosome 19 - NC_000019.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15001 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15002 Neighboring gene long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1869 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 10980 Neighboring gene kallikrein 1 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105372441 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 10981 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15003 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 10982 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr19:51343676-51343863 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:51347149-51347671 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:51347672-51348193 Neighboring gene KLK3 upstream enhancer/promoter region Neighboring gene kallikrein related peptidase 3 Neighboring gene KLK2 upstream enhancer/promoter region Neighboring gene origin of replication 20mer2 Neighboring gene kallikrein related peptidase 2

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Identification of six novel alternative transcripts of the human kallikrein-related peptidase 15 (KLK15), using 3'RACE and high-throughput sequencing. Adamopoulos PG, et al. Gene, 2020 Jul 30. PMID 32334022
  2. Expression profile of human tissue kallikrein 15 provides preliminary insights into its roles in the prostate and testis. Filippou PS, et al. Clin Biochem, 2018 Sep. PMID 29958881
  3. Biochemical characterization of human tissue kallikrein 15 and examination of its potential role in cancer. Filippou PS, et al. Clin Biochem, 2018 Aug. PMID 29928903
  4. Quantified KLK15 gene expression levels discriminate prostate cancer from benign tumors and constitute a novel independent predictor of disease progression. Mavridis K, et al. Prostate, 2013 Aug. PMID 23620432
  5. Kallikrein-related peptidases in prostate, breast, and ovarian cancers: from pathobiology to clinical relevance. Avgeris M, et al. Biol Chem, 2012 Apr. PMID 22505514

See all (46) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Identification and characterization of novel KLK15 alternative splice variants and their expression patterns in a wide panel of human cancer and normal cell lines
    Title: Identification of six novel alternative transcripts of the human kallikrein-related peptidase 15 (KLK15), using 3'RACE and high-throughput sequencing.
  2. KLK15 may be able to cleave many ECM components, similar to several members of the KLK family. Thus the protease could potentially be linked to tumorigenesis by promoting metastasis via this mechanism.
    Title: Biochemical characterization of human tissue kallikrein 15 and examination of its potential role in cancer.
  3. Data provide insights into the localization and possible role of KLK15 in human physiology.
    Title: Expression profile of human tissue kallikrein 15 provides preliminary insights into its roles in the prostate and testis.
  4. Pronounced correlations between KLK10/KLK11 (rs = 0.647) and between KLK9/KLK15 (rs = 0.716) mRNA, but not between other combinations, indicate coordinate expression of distinct pairs of peptidases
    Title: Clinical relevance of kallikrein-related peptidase 9, 10, 11, and 15 mRNA expression in advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer.
  5. Variations in KLK15, but not KLK11 expression were significantly associated with prognosis in gastric cancer
    Title: Prognostic significance of human tissue kallikrein-related peptidases 11 and 15 in gastric cancer.
  6. Advanced pathologic stage was associated with significantly higher expression of KLK15 and PCA3 mRNAs.
    Title: Association of transcript levels of 10 established or candidate-biomarker gene targets with cancerous versus non-cancerous prostate tissue from radical prostatectomy specimens.
  7. KLK15 mRNA expression levels are a novel marker for the differential diagnosis of prostate cancer.
    Title: Quantified KLK15 gene expression levels discriminate prostate cancer from benign tumors and constitute a novel independent predictor of disease progression.
  8. These findings suggest a role for KLK15 genetic variation in the etiology of prostate cancer among men of European ancestry.
    Title: Association between Prostinogen (KLK15) genetic variants and prostate cancer risk and aggressiveness in Australia and a meta-analysis of GWAS data.
  9. association with ovarian cancer survival
    Title: A Kallikrein 15 (KLK15) single nucleotide polymorphism located close to a novel exon shows evidence of association with poor ovarian cancer survival.
  10. Multivariate analysis identified dichotomised KLK15 expression, corrected for patient parameters age, preoperative prostate-specific antigen level, pathological tumour stage, Gleason score and surgical margins, as an prognostic factor for poor outcome.
    Title: KLK15 is a prognostic marker for progression-free survival in patients with radical prostatectomy.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (17)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
A possible mechanism behind autoimmune disorders discovered by genome-wide linkage and association analysis in celiac disease.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genetic variants at 1q32.1, 10q11.2 and 19q13.41 are associated with prostate-specific antigen for prostate cancer screening in two Korean population-based cohort studies.
EBI GWAS Catalog

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables serine-type endopeptidase activity NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
enables serine-type peptidase activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in proteolysis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in extracellular region IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
is_active_in secretory granule IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
kallikrein-15
Names
ACO protease
kallikrein-like serine protease
prostinogen

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_029894.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    2950..11235
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001277081.2 → NP_001264010.1  kallikrein-15 isoform 5 preproprotein

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001264010.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC010325
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS62766.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q96RQ0
    Related
    ENSP00000512319.1, ENST00000695998.1
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart00020
    Location:24 → 248
    Tryp_SPc; Trypsin-like serine protease
    cd00190
    Location:24 → 251
    Tryp_SPc; Trypsin-like serine protease; Many of these are synthesized as inactive precursor zymogens that are cleaved during limited proteolysis to generate their active forms. Alignment contains also inactive enzymes that have substitutions of the catalytic triad ...

  2. NM_001277082.2 → NP_001264011.1  kallikrein-15 isoform 6 preproprotein

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001264011.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC010325
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS12806.2
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    M0R0D7, Q6UBM2
    Related
    ENSP00000471164.1, ENST00000596931.5
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart00020
    Location:24 → 150
    Tryp_SPc; Trypsin-like serine protease
    cd00190
    Location:24 → 150
    Tryp_SPc; Trypsin-like serine protease; Many of these are synthesized as inactive precursor zymogens that are cleaved during limited proteolysis to generate their active forms. Alignment contains also inactive enzymes that have substitutions of the catalytic triad ...

  3. NM_017509.4 → NP_059979.2  kallikrein-15 isoform 4 preproprotein

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_059979.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC010325
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS12805.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A0AUY8, Q15358, Q6ISI0, Q9H2R3, Q9H2R4, Q9H2R5, Q9H2R6, Q9HBG9
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q96RQ0
    Related
    ENSP00000469315.1, ENST00000598239.6
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    smart00020
    Location:25 → 249
    Tryp_SPc; Trypsin-like serine protease

RNA

  1. NR_102274.1 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (7) uses an alternate splice site in two internal exons, compared to variant 4. This variant is represented as non-coding because use of the expected translational start codon, as used in variant 4, renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
    Source sequence(s)
    AW205420, AY373373, BC069518, BC144045
    Related
    ENST00000695963.1

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000019.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    50825289..50833574 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_047439064.1 → XP_047295020.1  kallikrein-15 isoform X2

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A6B7HEB8
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd00190
    Location:24 → 166
    Tryp_SPc; Trypsin-like serine protease; Many of these are synthesized as inactive precursor zymogens that are cleaved during limited proteolysis to generate their active forms. Alignment contains also inactive enzymes that have substitutions of the catalytic triad ...

  2. XM_011527087.3 → XP_011525389.1  kallikrein-15 isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011525389.1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A6B7HBY5
    Related
    ENSP00000512291.1, ENST00000695965.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd00190
    Location:25 → 167
    Tryp_SPc; Trypsin-like serine protease; Many of these are synthesized as inactive precursor zymogens that are cleaved during limited proteolysis to generate their active forms. Alignment contains also inactive enzymes that have substitutions of the catalytic triad ...

  3. XM_011527088.3 → XP_011525390.1  kallikrein-15 isoform X3

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011525390.1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6UBM2
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart00020
    Location:25 → 151
    Tryp_SPc; Trypsin-like serine protease
    cd00190
    Location:25 → 151
    Tryp_SPc; Trypsin-like serine protease; Many of these are synthesized as inactive precursor zymogens that are cleaved during limited proteolysis to generate their active forms. Alignment contains also inactive enzymes that have substitutions of the catalytic triad ...

  4. XM_017026943.2 → XP_016882432.1  kallikrein-15 isoform X4

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    M0QX22
    Related
    ENSP00000468856.1, ENST00000602114.1
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart00020
    Location:25 → 120
    Tryp_SPc; Trypsin-like serine protease
    cd00190
    Location:25 → 120
    Tryp_SPc; Trypsin-like serine protease; Many of these are synthesized as inactive precursor zymogens that are cleaved during limited proteolysis to generate their active forms. Alignment contains also inactive enzymes that have substitutions of the catalytic triad ...

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060943.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    53914924..53923210 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054321400.1 → XP_054177375.1  kallikrein-15 isoform X2

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A6B7HEB8

  2. XM_054321399.1 → XP_054177374.1  kallikrein-15 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A6B7HBY5

  3. XM_054321401.1 → XP_054177376.1  kallikrein-15 isoform X3

  4. XM_054321402.1 → XP_054177377.1  kallikrein-15 isoform X4

Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

  1. NM_023006.1: Suppressed sequence

    Description
    NM_023006.1: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it is a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) candidate.

  2. NM_138563.1: Suppressed sequence

    Description
    NM_138563.1: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because currently there is insufficient support for the exon combination represented in this variant.

  3. NM_138564.1: Suppressed sequence

    Description
    NM_138564.1: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because currently there is insufficient support for the exon combination represented in this variant.
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q9H2R5.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q9H2R5

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