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SPAG16 sperm associated antigen 16 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 79582, updated on 3-Apr-2024

Summary

Official Symbol
SPAG16provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
sperm associated antigen 16provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:23225
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000144451 MIM:612173; AllianceGenome:HGNC:23225
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
VALIDATED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
PF20; WDR29
Summary
Cilia and flagella are comprised of a microtubular backbone, the axoneme, which is organized by the basal body and surrounded by plasma membrane. SPAG16 encodes 2 major proteins that associate with the axoneme of sperm tail and the nucleus of postmeiotic germ cells, respectively (Zhang et al., 2007 [PubMed 17699735]).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2008]
Expression
Broad expression in testis (RPKM 2.7), thyroid (RPKM 1.2) and 24 other tissues See more
Orthologs
NEW
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Genomic context

See SPAG16 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
2q34
Exon count:
33
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 2 NC_000002.12 (213284464..214410501)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 2 NC_060926.1 (213765296..214894995)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 2 NC_000002.11 (214149188..215275225)

Chromosome 2 - NC_000002.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC107985981 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:214053177-214054037 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:214052314-214053176 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:214054900-214055760 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17063 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17064 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17065 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17066 Neighboring gene SPAG16 divergent transcript Neighboring gene MED14-independent group 3 enhancer GRCh37_chr2:214276253-214277452 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:214552640-214553482 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17067 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17068 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17069 Neighboring gene microRNA 4438 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:214898800-214899778 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:214899779-214900755 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC101928084 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:214991690-214992362 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124907973 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L5 pseudogene 8 Neighboring gene von Willebrand factor C domain containing 2 like Neighboring gene VWC2L intronic transcript 1 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:215458325-215458965 Neighboring gene endosulfine alpha pseudogene 3

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Expression

  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Phenotypes

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genome-wide contribution of genotype by environment interaction to variation of diabetes-related traits.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Novel genetic loci identified for the pathophysiology of childhood obesity in the Hispanic population.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Variants in the 1q21 risk region are associated with a visual endophenotype of autism and schizophrenia.
EBI GWAS Catalog

HIV-1 interactions

Replication interactions

Interaction Pubs
Knockdown of sperm associated antigen 16 (SPAG16) by siRNA enhances the early stages of HIV-1 replication in HeLa-CD4 cells infected with viral pseudotypes HIV89.6R and HIV8.2N PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Interactions

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Markers

Clone Names

  • FLJ22724, FLJ37717, MGC87036, DKFZp666P1710

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in axoneme assembly IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
involved_in axoneme assembly IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in cerebrospinal fluid circulation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in cilium assembly ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in mucociliary clearance IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in sperm axoneme assembly IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in axonemal central apparatus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
located_in axoneme ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
located_in extracellular region IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
located_in sperm flagellum IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 

General protein information

Preferred Names
sperm-associated antigen 16 protein
Names
WD repeat domain 29
pf20 protein homolog
sperm-associated WD repeat protein

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001025436.3NP_001020607.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform 2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001020607.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 3' UTR and lacks a large portion of the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) is significantly shorter and has a distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    BC067756, CA313710
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS46508.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q8N0X2
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q4G1A2
    Related
    ENSP00000415079.2, ENST00000432529.6
  2. NM_024532.5NP_078808.3  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_078808.3

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longer isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AF310672, AF490390, AK302351
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS2396.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q498B7, Q658W1, Q68DB3, Q6I9Z6, Q8N0X2, Q8N9C7, Q9H601
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q4G1A2
    Related
    ENSP00000332592.5, ENST00000331683.10
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    COG2319
    Location:341631
    WD40; WD40 repeat [General function prediction only]
    cd00200
    Location:344631
    WD40; WD40 domain, found in a number of eukaryotic proteins that cover a wide variety of functions including adaptor/regulatory modules in signal transduction, pre-mRNA processing and cytoskeleton assembly; typically contains a GH dipeptide 11-24 residues from ...
    sd00039
    Location:355392
    7WD40; WD40 repeat [structural motif]
    cl09111
    Location:160271
    Prefoldin; Prefoldin is a hexameric molecular chaperone complex, found in both eukaryotes and archaea, that binds and stabilizes newly synthesized polypeptides allowing them to fold correctly. The complex contains two alpha and four beta subunits, the two subunits ...

RNA

  1. NR_047659.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) has multiple differences, compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most expected translational start codon, as used in variant 1, renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
    Source sequence(s)
    AK302351, AW207406, BC025379
    Related
    ENST00000406979.6
  2. NR_047660.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4) lacks an internal exon in the 5' region, compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most expected translational start codon, as used in variant 1, renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
    Source sequence(s)
    AK302351, BC025379

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000002.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    213284464..214410501
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_011511814.2XP_011510116.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q4G1A2
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    COG2319
    Location:310600
    WD40; WD40 repeat [General function prediction only]
    cd00200
    Location:313600
    WD40; WD40 domain, found in a number of eukaryotic proteins that cover a wide variety of functions including adaptor/regulatory modules in signal transduction, pre-mRNA processing and cytoskeleton assembly; typically contains a GH dipeptide 11-24 residues from ...
    sd00039
    Location:324361
    7WD40; WD40 repeat [structural motif]
    cl09111
    Location:129240
    Prefoldin; Prefoldin is a hexameric molecular chaperone complex, found in both eukaryotes and archaea, that binds and stabilizes newly synthesized polypeptides allowing them to fold correctly. The complex contains two alpha and four beta subunits, the two subunits ...
  2. XM_011511820.3XP_011510122.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X7

    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    COG2319
    Location:302569
    WD40; WD40 repeat [General function prediction only]
    cd00200
    Location:344569
    WD40; WD40 domain, found in a number of eukaryotic proteins that cover a wide variety of functions including adaptor/regulatory modules in signal transduction, pre-mRNA processing and cytoskeleton assembly; typically contains a GH dipeptide 11-24 residues from ...
    sd00039
    Location:355392
    7WD40; WD40 repeat [structural motif]
    cl09111
    Location:160271
    Prefoldin; Prefoldin is a hexameric molecular chaperone complex, found in both eukaryotes and archaea, that binds and stabilizes newly synthesized polypeptides allowing them to fold correctly. The complex contains two alpha and four beta subunits, the two subunits ...
  3. XM_011511815.3XP_011510117.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X2

    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    COG2319
    Location:342577
    WD40; WD40 repeat [General function prediction only]
    cd00200
    Location:348580
    WD40; WD40 domain, found in a number of eukaryotic proteins that cover a wide variety of functions including adaptor/regulatory modules in signal transduction, pre-mRNA processing and cytoskeleton assembly; typically contains a GH dipeptide 11-24 residues from ...
    sd00039
    Location:356392
    7WD40; WD40 repeat [structural motif]
    cl09111
    Location:160271
    Prefoldin; Prefoldin is a hexameric molecular chaperone complex, found in both eukaryotes and archaea, that binds and stabilizes newly synthesized polypeptides allowing them to fold correctly. The complex contains two alpha and four beta subunits, the two subunits ...
  4. XM_011511817.3XP_011510119.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X4

    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    COG2319
    Location:341561
    WD40; WD40 repeat [General function prediction only]
    cd00200
    Location:348551
    WD40; WD40 domain, found in a number of eukaryotic proteins that cover a wide variety of functions including adaptor/regulatory modules in signal transduction, pre-mRNA processing and cytoskeleton assembly; typically contains a GH dipeptide 11-24 residues from ...
    sd00039
    Location:356392
    7WD40; WD40 repeat [structural motif]
  5. XM_011511816.4XP_011510118.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X3

    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    COG2319
    Location:343585
    WD40; WD40 repeat [General function prediction only]
    cd00200
    Location:348551
    WD40; WD40 domain, found in a number of eukaryotic proteins that cover a wide variety of functions including adaptor/regulatory modules in signal transduction, pre-mRNA processing and cytoskeleton assembly; typically contains a GH dipeptide 11-24 residues from ...
    sd00039
    Location:356392
    7WD40; WD40 repeat [structural motif]
    cl09111
    Location:160271
    Prefoldin; Prefoldin is a hexameric molecular chaperone complex, found in both eukaryotes and archaea, that binds and stabilizes newly synthesized polypeptides allowing them to fold correctly. The complex contains two alpha and four beta subunits, the two subunits ...
  6. XM_011511818.3XP_011510120.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X6

    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    COG2319
    Location:341561
    WD40; WD40 repeat [General function prediction only]
    cd00200
    Location:348551
    WD40; WD40 domain, found in a number of eukaryotic proteins that cover a wide variety of functions including adaptor/regulatory modules in signal transduction, pre-mRNA processing and cytoskeleton assembly; typically contains a GH dipeptide 11-24 residues from ...
    sd00039
    Location:356392
    7WD40; WD40 repeat [structural motif]
    cl09111
    Location:160271
    Prefoldin; Prefoldin is a hexameric molecular chaperone complex, found in both eukaryotes and archaea, that binds and stabilizes newly synthesized polypeptides allowing them to fold correctly. The complex contains two alpha and four beta subunits, the two subunits ...
  7. XM_011511824.3XP_011510126.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X9

    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    COG2319
    Location:341516
    WD40; WD40 repeat [General function prediction only]
    cd00200
    Location:348518
    WD40; WD40 domain, found in a number of eukaryotic proteins that cover a wide variety of functions including adaptor/regulatory modules in signal transduction, pre-mRNA processing and cytoskeleton assembly; typically contains a GH dipeptide 11-24 residues from ...
    sd00039
    Location:356392
    7WD40; WD40 repeat [structural motif]
  8. XM_011511831.3XP_011510133.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X15

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011510133.1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    E7EWV3
  9. XM_011511832.3XP_011510134.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X16

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011510134.1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    E7EWV3
  10. XM_011511828.3XP_011510130.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X13

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    E7EWV3
  11. XM_011511829.3XP_011510131.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X14

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    E7EWV3
  12. XM_011511827.3XP_011510129.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X12

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    E7EWV3
  13. XM_011511837.4XP_011510139.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X20

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    E7EWV3
  14. XM_006712746.4XP_006712809.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X18

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    E7EWV3
    Related
    ENSP00000400847.1, ENST00000447990.1
  15. XM_017004899.3XP_016860388.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X17

  16. XM_011511823.4XP_011510125.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X8

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011510125.1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DYB5, C9JV44
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd00200
    Location:241528
    WD40; WD40 domain, found in a number of eukaryotic proteins that cover a wide variety of functions including adaptor/regulatory modules in signal transduction, pre-mRNA processing and cytoskeleton assembly; typically contains a GH dipeptide 11-24 residues from ...
    sd00039
    Location:252289
    7WD40; WD40 repeat [structural motif]
  17. XM_011511819.3XP_011510121.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X5

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q4G1A2
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    COG2319
    Location:287577
    WD40; WD40 repeat [General function prediction only]
    cd00200
    Location:290577
    WD40; WD40 domain, found in a number of eukaryotic proteins that cover a wide variety of functions including adaptor/regulatory modules in signal transduction, pre-mRNA processing and cytoskeleton assembly; typically contains a GH dipeptide 11-24 residues from ...
    sd00039
    Location:301338
    7WD40; WD40 repeat [structural motif]
    cl09111
    Location:106217
    Prefoldin; Prefoldin is a hexameric molecular chaperone complex, found in both eukaryotes and archaea, that binds and stabilizes newly synthesized polypeptides allowing them to fold correctly. The complex contains two alpha and four beta subunits, the two subunits ...
  18. XM_047445817.1XP_047301773.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X10

  19. XM_017004897.1XP_016860386.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X10

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DYB5, C9JV44
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    COG2319
    Location:222512
    WD40; WD40 repeat [General function prediction only]
    cd00200
    Location:225512
    WD40; WD40 domain, found in a number of eukaryotic proteins that cover a wide variety of functions including adaptor/regulatory modules in signal transduction, pre-mRNA processing and cytoskeleton assembly; typically contains a GH dipeptide 11-24 residues from ...
    sd00039
    Location:236273
    7WD40; WD40 repeat [structural motif]
    cl09111
    Location:41152
    Prefoldin; Prefoldin is a hexameric molecular chaperone complex, found in both eukaryotes and archaea, that binds and stabilizes newly synthesized polypeptides allowing them to fold correctly. The complex contains two alpha and four beta subunits, the two subunits ...
  20. XM_017004898.1XP_016860387.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X11

  21. XM_024453140.2XP_024308908.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X19

    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd00200
    Location:38325
    WD40; WD40 domain, found in a number of eukaryotic proteins that cover a wide variety of functions including adaptor/regulatory modules in signal transduction, pre-mRNA processing and cytoskeleton assembly; typically contains a GH dipeptide 11-24 residues from ...
    sd00039
    Location:4986
    7WD40; WD40 repeat [structural motif]

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060926.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    213765296..214894995
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054343872.1XP_054199847.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X1

  2. XM_054343878.1XP_054199853.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X7

  3. XM_054343873.1XP_054199848.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X2

  4. XM_054343875.1XP_054199850.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X4

  5. XM_054343874.1XP_054199849.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X3

  6. XM_054343877.1XP_054199852.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X6

  7. XM_054343880.1XP_054199855.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X9

  8. XM_054343882.1XP_054199857.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X21

  9. XM_054343887.1XP_054199862.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X15

  10. XM_054343888.1XP_054199863.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X16

  11. XM_054343885.1XP_054199860.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X13

  12. XM_054343886.1XP_054199861.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X14

  13. XM_054343884.1XP_054199859.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X12

  14. XM_054343892.1XP_054199867.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X20

  15. XM_054343890.1XP_054199865.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X18

  16. XM_054343889.1XP_054199864.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X17

  17. XM_054343879.1XP_054199854.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X8

  18. XM_054343876.1XP_054199851.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X5

  19. XM_054343881.1XP_054199856.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X10

  20. XM_054343883.1XP_054199858.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X11

  21. XM_054343891.1XP_054199866.1  sperm-associated antigen 16 protein isoform X19