PLA2G10 phospholipase A2 group X [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: PLA2G10provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: phospholipase A2 group Xprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:9029
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000069764 MIM:603603; AllianceGenome:HGNC:9029
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: SPLA2; GXPLA2; GXSPLA2; sPLA2-X
Summary: This gene encodes a member of the phospholipase A2 family of proteins. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to generate the mature enzyme. This calcium-dependent enzyme hydrolyzes glycerophospholipids to produce free fatty acids and lysophospholipids. In one example, this enzyme catalyzes the release of arachidonic acid from cell membrane phospholipids, thus playing a role in the production of various inflammatory lipid mediators, such as prostaglandins. The encoded protein may promote the survival of breast cancer cells through its role in lipid metabolism. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015]
Expression: Biased expression in stomach (RPKM 10.4), colon (RPKM 7.1) and 6 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 16p13.12-p13.11

Exon count:: 9

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2023_10	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	16	NC_000016.10 (14672548..14701850, complement)
105.20220307	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	16	NC_000016.9 (14766405..14788430, complement)

Chromosome 16 - NC_000016.10 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

PLA2G10 incorporated in exosomes could be diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer.
Title: PLA2G10 incorporated in exosomes could be diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer.
PLA2G10 facilitates the cell-cycle progression of soft tissue leiomyosarcoma cells at least by elevating cyclin E1/CDK2 expression.
Title: PLA2G10 facilitates the cell-cycle progression of soft tissue leiomyosarcoma cells at least by elevating cyclin E1/CDK2 expression.
This report provides the first demonstration that Phosphatidylcholine-Isoprostanes are readily hydrolyzed by group IIA, V and X Secretory Phospholipases A2.
Title: Hydrolysis of Phosphatidylcholine-Isoprostanes (PtdCho-IP) by Peripheral Human Group IIA, V and X Secretory Phospholipases A(2) (sPLA(2)).
Data show that phospholipase A2 group IIA, V and X have different target/function related activity.
Title: Hydrolysis of lipoproteins by sPLA2's enhances mitogenesis and eicosanoid release from vascular smooth muscle cells: Diverse activity of sPLA2's IIA, V and X.
PLA2G10 releases omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, suppresses colitis, and promotes sperm fertility.
Title: Group X Secreted Phospholipase A2 Releases ω3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Suppresses Colitis, and Promotes Sperm Fertility.
Endogenous secreted phospholipase A2 group X regulates cysteinyl leukotrienes synthesis by human eosinophils
Title: Endogenous secreted phospholipase A2 group X regulates cysteinyl leukotrienes synthesis by human eosinophils.
PLA2G10 variants are not significantly associated with plasma sPLA2 activity or with CHD risk.
Title: PLA2G10 Gene Variants, sPLA2 Activity, and Coronary Heart Disease Risk.
Studies indicate that the expression of secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s), most notably the group IIA, III and X enzymes, is dysregulated in various malignant tissues.
Title: Secreted phospholipases A2 in cancer: diverse mechanisms of action.
sPLA2GIII expression may be used as a risk factor for lymph node metastasis and a prognostic marker in colorectal cancer. In addition, sPLA2GIII and sPLA2GX may play opposing roles in colorectal carcinogenesis
Title: Phospholipase A2 Group III and Group X Have Opposing Associations with Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer.
hGX sPLA2 is a novel modulator of lipid metabolism that promotes breast cancer cell growth and survival by stimulating lipid droplet formation and fatty acid oxidation.
Title: Group X secreted phospholipase A(2) induces lipid droplet formation and prolongs breast cancer cell survival.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (36)

Phenotypes

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Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120	env	sPLA(2)-X neutralizes human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) through degradation of the viral membrane (gp120) and inhibits the replication of both CCR5- and CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 in human CD4(+) T cells	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp120 causes an activation of phospholipase A2, resulting in the increased release of arachidonic acid, which may sensitize the NMDA receptor	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp120 induces a specific phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activation in lymphocytes through binding to CD4, but this effect is not sufficient to accomplish virus/cell fusion	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

NoName (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:482913

D16S312 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:147060

NoName (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:480920

RH65989 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:62664

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables 1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables calcium ion binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables phospholipase A2 activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables phospholipase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
enables phospholipid binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in arachidonic acid metabolic process	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in arachidonic acid secretion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within axon guidance	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to leukemia inhibitory factor	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cholesterol homeostasis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
involved_in defense response to virus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in erythrocyte maturation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in fertilization	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in hair follicle morphogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in intestinal stem cell homeostasis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within lysophospholipid transport	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in macrophage activation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cholesterol efflux	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of inflammatory response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in phosphatidic acid metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in phosphatidylcholine catabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in phosphatidylcholine metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in phosphatidylglycerol metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in phosphatidylserine metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in phospholipid metabolic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in platelet activating factor catabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of acrosome reaction	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of arachidonic acid secretion	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of lipid storage	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation	IC Inferred by Curator more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of protein metabolic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in production of molecular mediator involved in inflammatory response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in prostaglandin biosynthetic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of macrophage activation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in acrosomal vesicle	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in lysosome	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: group 10 secretory phospholipase A2

Names: group X secretory phospholipase A2; phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase 10

NP_003552.1

EC 3.1.1.4

XP_011520997.1

EC 3.1.1.4

XP_011520998.1

EC 3.1.1.4

XP_011520999.1

EC 3.1.1.4

XP_011521000.1

EC 3.1.1.4

XP_047290713.1

EC 3.1.1.4

XP_054185113.1

EC 3.1.1.4

XP_054185114.1

EC 3.1.1.4

XP_054185115.1

EC 3.1.1.4

XP_054185116.1

EC 3.1.1.4

XP_054185117.1

EC 3.1.1.4

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_003561.3 → NP_003552.1 group 10 secretory phospholipase A2 preproprotein

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_003552.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the protein-coding transcript.

Source sequence(s)

U95301

Consensus CDS

CCDS10555.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O15496, Q14DU3, Q6NT23

Related

ENSP00000393847.4, ENST00000438167.8

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00125
Location:43 → 157

PLA2c; Phospholipase A2, a family of secretory and cytosolic enzymes; the latter are either Ca dependent or Ca independent. PLA2 cleaves the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone of phospholipids (PC or phosphatidylethanolamine), usually in a metal-dependent ...

RNA

NR_133651.1 RNA Sequence

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) contains an alternate exon compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most expected translational start codon renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).

Source sequence(s)

BM739473, U95301

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

NC_000016.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Range

14672548..14701850 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_047434757.1 → XP_047290713.1 group 10 secretory phospholipase A2 isoform X1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O15496, Q14DU3, Q6NT23
XM_011522697.3 → XP_011520999.1 group 10 secretory phospholipase A2 isoform X4

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011520999.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

H3BRW4

Related

ENSP00000456433.1, ENST00000567462.1

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00125
Location:43 → 119

PLA2c; PLA2c: Phospholipase A2, a family of secretory and cytosolic enzymes; the latter are either Ca dependent or Ca independent. PLA2 cleaves the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone of phospholipids (PC or phosphatidylethanolamine), usually in a ...
XM_011522695.4 → XP_011520997.1 group 10 secretory phospholipase A2 isoform X2

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011520997.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

H3BRW4

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00125
Location:43 → 122

PLA2c; PLA2c: Phospholipase A2, a family of secretory and cytosolic enzymes; the latter are either Ca dependent or Ca independent. PLA2 cleaves the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone of phospholipids (PC or phosphatidylethanolamine), usually in a ...
XM_011522696.4 → XP_011520998.1 group 10 secretory phospholipase A2 isoform X3

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011520998.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

H3BRW4

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00125
Location:43 → 118

PLA2c; PLA2c: Phospholipase A2, a family of secretory and cytosolic enzymes; the latter are either Ca dependent or Ca independent. PLA2 cleaves the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone of phospholipids (PC or phosphatidylethanolamine), usually in a ...
XM_011522698.3 → XP_011521000.1 group 10 secretory phospholipase A2 isoform X5

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011521000.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

H3BRW4

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00125
Location:43 → 119

PLA2c; PLA2c: Phospholipase A2, a family of secretory and cytosolic enzymes; the latter are either Ca dependent or Ca independent. PLA2 cleaves the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone of phospholipids (PC or phosphatidylethanolamine), usually in a ...

Reference GRCh38.p14 ALT_REF_LOCI_1

Genomic

NT_187607.1 Reference GRCh38.p14 ALT_REF_LOCI_1

Range

245407..274712 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_054329138.1 → XP_054185113.1 group 10 secretory phospholipase A2 isoform X1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O15496, Q14DU3, Q6NT23
XM_054329141.1 → XP_054185116.1 group 10 secretory phospholipase A2 isoform X4
XM_054329139.1 → XP_054185114.1 group 10 secretory phospholipase A2 isoform X2
XM_054329140.1 → XP_054185115.1 group 10 secretory phospholipase A2 isoform X3
XM_054329142.1 → XP_054185117.1 group 10 secretory phospholipase A2 isoform X5