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IL32 interleukin 32 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 9235, updated on 5-Mar-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
IL32provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
interleukin 32provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:16830
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000008517 MIM:606001; AllianceGenome:HGNC:16830
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
NK4; TAIF; TAIFa; TAIFb; TAIFc; TAIFd; IL-32beta; IL-32alpha; IL-32delta; IL-32gamma
Summary
This gene encodes a member of the cytokine family. The protein contains a tyrosine sulfation site, 3 potential N-myristoylation sites, multiple putative phosphorylation sites, and an RGD cell-attachment sequence. Expression of this protein is increased after the activation of T-cells by mitogens or the activation of NK cells by IL-2. This protein induces the production of TNFalpha from macrophage cells. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression
Broad expression in small intestine (RPKM 122.1), spleen (RPKM 121.0) and 22 other tissues See more
Orthologs
all
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Genomic context

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See IL32 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
16p13.3
Exon count:
6
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 16 NC_000016.10 (3065403..3069530)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 16 NC_060940.1 (3092005..3096006)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 16 NC_000016.9 (3115404..3119531)

Chromosome 16 - NC_000016.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC100128770 Neighboring gene BICD family like cargo adaptor 2 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10293 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:3087655-3088542 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10294 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7106 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7107 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:3097443-3098022 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:3099514-3100106 Neighboring gene matrix metallopeptidase 25 Neighboring gene sialidase-like Neighboring gene MMP25 antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7108 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7109 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7110 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7111 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:3109609-3110514 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10295 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:3117783-3118302 Neighboring gene RNA, U1 small nuclear 125, pseudogene Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC107984896 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr16:3124519-3124702 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10296 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10297 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10298 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10299 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7112 Neighboring gene RNA, U1 small nuclear 22, pseudogene

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. IL-32 and its paradoxical role in neoplasia. Hough JT, et al. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 2023 Jun. PMID 37105370
  2. Differential Impact of IL-32 Isoforms on the Functions of Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells: A Potential Link with Arterial Stiffness and Atherosclerosis. Bunet R, et al. Viruses, 2023 Mar 8. PMID 36992409, Free PMC Article
  3. Genetic Association between Polymorphisms of Interleukin-32 and Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Chinese Han Population. Peng Y, et al. Dis Markers, 2022. PMID 36505098, Free PMC Article
  4. Interleukin 32 as a Potential Marker for Diagnosis of Tuberculous Pleural Effusion. Du J, et al. Microbiol Spectr, 2022 Aug 31. PMID 35880892, Free PMC Article
  5. Extracellular vesicle IL-32 promotes the M2 macrophage polarization and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via FAK/STAT3 pathway. Sun Y, et al. J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2022 Apr 15. PMID 35428295, Free PMC Article

See all (228) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. IL32 downregulation lowers triglycerides and type I collagen in di-lineage human primary liver organoids.
    Title: IL32 downregulation lowers triglycerides and type I collagen in di-lineage human primary liver organoids.
  2. Saturated Fat-Mediated Upregulation of IL-32 and CCL20 in Hepatocytes Contributes to Higher Expression of These Fibrosis-Driving Molecules in MASLD.
    Title: Saturated Fat-Mediated Upregulation of IL-32 and CCL20 in Hepatocytes Contributes to Higher Expression of These Fibrosis-Driving Molecules in MASLD.
  3. Hepatic interleukin 32 attenuates liver injury through repression of necroptosis in cholestasis.
    Title: Hepatic interleukin 32 attenuates liver injury through repression of necroptosis in cholestasis.
  4. Estimation of Interleukin 32 and Interleukin 37 Serum Levels in Iraqi Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.
    Title: Estimation of Interleukin 32 and Interleukin 37 Serum Levels in Iraqi Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.
  5. Human IL-32theta;A94V mutant attenuates monocyte-endothelial adhesion by suppressing the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 via binding to cell surface receptor integrin alphaVbeta3 and alphaVbeta6 in TNF-alpha-stimulated HUVECs.
    Title: Human IL-32θA94V mutant attenuates monocyte-endothelial adhesion by suppressing the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 via binding to cell surface receptor integrin αVβ3 and αVβ6 in TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs.
  6. IL-32 and its paradoxical role in neoplasia.
    Title: IL-32 and its paradoxical role in neoplasia.
  7. Impacts of IL-27 and IL-32 in the pathogenesis and outcome of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis.
    Title: Impacts of IL-27 and IL-32 in the pathogenesis and outcome of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis.
  8. Differential Impact of IL-32 Isoforms on the Functions of Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells: A Potential Link with Arterial Stiffness and Atherosclerosis.
    Title: Differential Impact of IL-32 Isoforms on the Functions of Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells: A Potential Link with Arterial Stiffness and Atherosclerosis.
  9. Diverse and divergent functions of IL-32beta and IL-32gamma isoforms in the regulation of malignant pleural mesothelioma cell growth and the production of VEGF-A and CXCL8.
    Title: Diverse and divergent functions of IL-32β and IL-32γ isoforms in the regulation of malignant pleural mesothelioma cell growth and the production of VEGF-A and CXCL8.
  10. Genetic Association between Polymorphisms of Interleukin-32 and Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Chinese Han Population.
    Title: Genetic Association between Polymorphisms of Interleukin-32 and Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Chinese Han Population.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (217)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genomewide association study for determinants of HIV-1 acquisition and viral set point in HIV-1 serodiscordant couples with quantified virus exposure.
EBI GWAS Catalog

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
Nef nef IL-32-treated M2-macrophages inhibit the strong activation of p38, IKK alpha/beta, and TAK1 by HIV-1 Nef PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables cytokine activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in cell adhesion TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in defense response TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in immune response IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in signal transduction IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in cytosol TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in extracellular space IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in membrane HDA PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
interleukin-32
Names
interleukin-32 eta
interleukin-32 small
interleukin-32 theta
natural killer cell transcript 4
natural killer cells protein 4
tumor necrosis factor alpha-inducing factor

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_029254.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5329..9219
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001012631.4 → NP_001012649.1  interleukin-32 isoform B

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001012649.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes isoform (B), also referred to as IL-32beta.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC108134
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS32377.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    F8W1V1
    Related
    ENSP00000432850.2, ENST00000528163.6
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15225
    Location:69 → 164
    IL32; Interleukin 32

  2. NM_001012632.3 → NP_001012650.1  interleukin-32 isoform B

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001012650.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) has multiple differences in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1 and 3 encode the same protein, isoform B, also referred to as IL-32beta.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC108134
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS32377.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    F8W1V1
    Related
    ENSP00000411958.3, ENST00000444393.7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15225
    Location:69 → 164
    IL32; Interleukin 32

  3. NM_001012633.4 → NP_001012651.1  interleukin-32 isoform A

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001012651.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4) lacks an alternate exon in the 5' UTR and contains an alternate intron within the last exon of the coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (A), also referred to as IL-32alpha, is shorter compared to isoform B.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC108134
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS32378.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P24001
    Related
    ENSP00000380096.3, ENST00000396887.7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15225
    Location:69 → 107
    IL32; Interleukin 32

  4. NM_001012634.4 → NP_001012652.1  interleukin-32 isoform C

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001012652.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (5) lacks an alternate exon in the 5' UTR and an alternate in-frame exon within the coding region, compared to variant 1, resulting in a shorter protein (isoform C).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC108134
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS45394.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P24001
    Related
    ENSP00000008180.9, ENST00000008180.13
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15225
    Location:49 → 144
    IL32; Interleukin 32

  5. NM_001012635.4 → NP_001012653.1  interleukin-32 isoform C

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001012653.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (6) differs in the 5' UTR and lacks an alternate in-frame exon within the coding region, compared to variant 1, resulting in a shorter protein (isoform C).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC108134
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS45394.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P24001
    Related
    ENSP00000433747.1, ENST00000530890.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15225
    Location:49 → 144
    IL32; Interleukin 32

  6. NM_001012636.2 → NP_001012654.1  interleukin-32 isoform D

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (7) lacks two alternate exons in the 5' UTR and an alternate in-frame exon within the coding region, compared to variant 1, resulting in a shorter protein (isoform D). Please note that isoform D is not the same as isoform delta, which is represented by AY495333.1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC108134
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS32379.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P24001
    Related
    ENSP00000371648.3, ENST00000382213.7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15225
    Location:60 → 155
    IL32; Interleukin 32

  7. NM_001012718.4 → NP_001012736.1  interleukin-32 isoform B

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001012736.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (8) contains an alternate in-frame splice site in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1 and 8 encode the same protein, isoform B, also referred to as IL-32beta.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC108134
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS32377.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    F8W1V1
    Related
    ENSP00000405063.3, ENST00000440815.7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15225
    Location:69 → 164
    IL32; Interleukin 32

  8. NM_001308078.4 → NP_001295007.1  interleukin-32 isoform E precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001295007.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (9) has a shorter 5' UTR and contains an additional segment in the central coding region compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (E) is longer than isoform B.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC108134
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS76811.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A6NNM0, A8MPX0, B4DJM1, B8Q191, D3DUB0, D3DUB2, P24001, Q5VFH7, Q5VFH8, Q8WV38, Q96GK9
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    F8VSD2, F8VVN4
    Related
    ENSP00000380099.2, ENST00000396890.6
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15225
    Location:115 → 210
    IL32; Interleukin 32

  9. NM_001369587.3 → NP_001356516.1  interleukin-32 isoform E precursor

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC108134
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS76811.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A6NNM0, A8MPX0, B4DJM1, B8Q191, D3DUB0, D3DUB2, P24001, Q5VFH7, Q5VFH8, Q8WV38, Q96GK9
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    F8VSD2, F8VVN4
    Related
    ENSP00000448354.1, ENST00000548807.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15225
    Location:115 → 210
    IL32; Interleukin 32

  10. NM_001369588.3 → NP_001356517.1  interleukin-32 isoform E precursor

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC108134
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS76811.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A6NNM0, A8MPX0, B4DJM1, B8Q191, D3DUB0, D3DUB2, P24001, Q5VFH7, Q5VFH8, Q8WV38, Q96GK9
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    F8VSD2, F8VVN4
    Related
    ENSP00000431775.1, ENST00000534507.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15225
    Location:115 → 210
    IL32; Interleukin 32

  11. NM_001369589.3 → NP_001356518.1  interleukin-32 isoform B

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC108134
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS32377.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    F8W1V1
    Related
    ENSP00000437020.1, ENST00000529550.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15225
    Location:69 → 164
    IL32; Interleukin 32

  12. NM_001369590.3 → NP_001356519.1  interleukin-32 isoform H

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC108134
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS92092.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    C6GKH1
    Related
    ENSP00000436937.1, ENST00000529699.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15225
    Location:57 → 144
    IL32; Interleukin 32

  13. NM_001369591.3 → NP_001356520.1  interleukin-32 isoform C

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC108134
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS45394.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15225
    Location:49 → 144
    IL32; Interleukin 32

  14. NM_001369592.3 → NP_001356521.1  interleukin-32 isoform C

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC108134
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS45394.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15225
    Location:49 → 144
    IL32; Interleukin 32

  15. NM_001369593.3 → NP_001356522.1  interleukin-32 isoform F

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC108134
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS92093.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    F8W1V1
    Related
    ENSP00000433177.1, ENST00000531965.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15225
    Location:59 → 154
    IL32; Interleukin 32

  16. NM_001369595.3 → NP_001356524.1  interleukin-32 isoform G

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC108134
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    G3LU47
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15225
    Location:49 → 87
    IL32; Interleukin 32

  17. NM_001369596.3 → NP_001356525.1  interleukin-32 isoform B

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC108134
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS32377.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    F8W1V1
    Related
    ENSP00000450364.1, ENST00000526464.6
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15225
    Location:69 → 164
    IL32; Interleukin 32

  18. NM_001376923.1 → NP_001363852.1  interleukin-32 isoform B

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC108134
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS32377.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    F8W1V1
    Related
    ENSP00000432218.3, ENST00000525643.7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15225
    Location:69 → 164
    IL32; Interleukin 32

  19. NM_004221.7 → NP_004212.4  interleukin-32 isoform B

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_004212.4

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate exon in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1 and 2 encode the same protein, isoform B, also referred to as IL-32beta.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC108134
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS32377.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    F8W1V1
    Related
    ENSP00000324742.5, ENST00000325568.9
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam15225
    Location:69 → 164
    IL32; Interleukin 32

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000016.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    3065403..3069530
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060940.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    3092005..3096006
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P24001.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P24001

Gene LinkOut

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