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alr alanine racemase 1 [ Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 ]

Gene ID: 948564, updated on 2-May-2024

Summary

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Gene symbol
alr
Gene description
alanine racemase 1
Primary source
ASAP:ABE-0013272
Locus tag
b4053
See related
ECOCYC:EG10001
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
PROVISIONAL
Organism
Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 (strain: K-12, substrain: MG1655)
Lineage
Bacteria; Pseudomonadota; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacterales; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia
Also known as
alr5; ECK4045
Summary
Alanine racemase 1 (Alr) catalyzes the interconversion of D- and L-alanine. [More information is available at EcoCyc: EG10001].
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Genomic context

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Sequence:
NC_000913.3 (4265782..4266861)

NC_000913.3Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ncRNA Neighboring gene putative quinone oxidoreductase 1 Neighboring gene replicative DNA helicase Neighboring gene tyrosine aminotransferase Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein YjbS

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:
NC_000913.3

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Correlation between catalytic activity and monomer-dimer equilibrium of bacterial alanine racemases. Ju J, et al. J Biochem, 2011 Jan. PMID 20971724
  2. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for Marfey's derivatives of L-Ala, D-Ala, and D-Ala-D-Ala: application to the in vivo confirmation of alanine racemase as the target of cycloserine in Escherichia coli. Jamindar D, et al. Anal Biochem, 2010 Jan 1. PMID 19748470
  3. Residues Asp164 and Glu165 at the substrate entryway function potently in substrate orientation of alanine racemase from E. coli: Enzymatic characterization with crystal structure analysis. Wu D, et al. Protein Sci, 2008 Jun. PMID 18434499, Free PMC Article
  4. Directed evolution of bacterial alanine racemases with higher expression level. Ju J, et al. J Biosci Bioeng, 2005 Sep. PMID 16243272
  5. A novel assay method for an amino acid racemase reaction based on circular dichroism. Noda M, et al. Biochem J, 2005 Jul 15. PMID 15796715, Free PMC Article

See all (20) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. a representative of fold type III, the Escherichia coli alanine racemase (ALR), is a promiscuous cystathionine beta-lyase (CBL). Furthermore, E. coli CBL (fold type I) is a promiscuous alanine racemase. A single round of error-prone PCR and selection yielded variant ALR(Y274F), which catalyzes cystathionine beta-elimination with a near-native Michaelis constant (Km = 3.3 mm) but a poor turnover number (kcat approximate...
    Title: Mechanistic and Evolutionary Insights from the Reciprocal Promiscuity of Two Pyridoxal Phosphate-dependent Enzymes.
  2. In a mouse model of urinary tract infection, NU14 DeltaampG, NU14 DeltawaaL, and NU14 Deltaalr were attenuated compared to wild-type NU14 and showed reduced fitness in competition experiments.
    Title: Molecular basis of uropathogenic Escherichia coli evasion of the innate immune response in the bladder.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

General gene information

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Gene Ontology Provided by EcoCyc

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables alanine racemase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables alanine racemase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables alanine racemase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables isomerase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein homodimerization activity IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables pyridoxal phosphate binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables pyridoxal phosphate binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables pyridoxal phosphate binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in D-alanine biosynthetic process IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in D-alanine biosynthetic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within D-alanine biosynthetic process IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in alanine metabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cell wall organization IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in peptidoglycan biosynthetic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in regulation of cell shape IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in cytosol IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
alanine racemase 1
NP_418477.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000913.3 Reference assembly

    Range
    4265782..4266861
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NP_418477.1 alanine racemase 1 [Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_418477.1

    Status: PROVISIONAL

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A8S7BGI8, A0A8T6PQR1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd06827
    Location:3 → 358
    PLPDE_III_AR_proteobact; Type III Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-Dependent Enzymes, Proteobacterial Alanine Racemases
Nucleotide Protein
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