The product of the ob gene, leptin, is thought to act in the hypothalamus to reduce food intake and body weight (b.w.) in rats and mice; however, the mechanisms of leptin action in the brain have not been fully elucidated. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is a potent anorectic neuropeptide, and its type-2 receptor (CRHR-2) in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) appears to play an important role in the expression of this anorectic effect. We explored here the impact of systemic leptin administration on CRH mRNA expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and CRHR-2 mRNA expression in the VMH in male rats, using in-situ hybridization histochemistry. The expression of CRH mRNA in the PVN and CRHR-2 mRNA in the VMH were increased at 2 h and 6 h, respectively, after a single intraperitoneal injection of leptin (1.0 mg/kg). Continuous subcutaneous infusion of leptin (1.2 mg/kg/day) via an osmotic minipump for 5 days increased the expression of CRHR-2 mRNA in the VMH, but not the expression of CRH mRNA in the PVN, compared with vehicle treatment. The rats that received the single or continuous administration of leptin showed reductions of food intake and b.w. compared with vehicle-treated rats. These results are consistent with our previous findings that the expression of CRHR-2 mRNA in the VMH is positively correlated with plasma leptin concentrations under various conditions, and highlight the importance of circulating leptin for the regulation of VMH CRHR-2 mRNA. The present results also raise the possibility that leptin reduces food intake and b.w. at least partially due to the enhancement of the anorectic effect of CRH via increased PVN CRH expression and/or VMH CRHR-2 expression.