Abstract
T cell stimulation in the absence of a second, costimulatory signal can lead to anergy or the induction of cell death. CD28 is a major T cell costimulatory receptor, the coengagement of which can prevent anergy and cell death. The CD28 receptor is a member of a complex family of polypeptides that includes at least two receptors and two ligands. Cytotoxic lymphocyte-associated molecule-4 (CTLA-4, CD152) is the second member of the CD28 receptor family. The ligands or counterreceptors for these two proteins are the B7 family members, CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2). This article reviews the CD28/CTLA4 and CD80/CD86 families, and outlines the functional outcomes and biochemical signaling pathways recruited after CD28 ligation.
Publication types
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
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Review
MeSH terms
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Abatacept
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Animals
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Antigens, CD / immunology*
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Antigens, CD / metabolism
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Antigens, Differentiation / immunology*
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Antigens, Differentiation / metabolism
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B7-1 Antigen / genetics
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B7-1 Antigen / immunology*
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B7-1 Antigen / metabolism
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B7-2 Antigen
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CD28 Antigens / genetics
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CD28 Antigens / immunology*
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CD28 Antigens / metabolism
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CTLA-4 Antigen
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Humans
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Immunoconjugates*
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Lymphocyte Activation
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Membrane Glycoproteins / immunology*
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Membrane Glycoproteins / metabolism
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Signal Transduction
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T-Lymphocytes / immunology*
Substances
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Antigens, CD
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Antigens, Differentiation
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B7-1 Antigen
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B7-2 Antigen
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CD28 Antigens
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CD86 protein, human
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CTLA-4 Antigen
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CTLA4 protein, human
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Immunoconjugates
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Membrane Glycoproteins
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Abatacept