CD28/CTLA-4 and CD80/CD86 families: signaling and function

Immunol Res. 1999;19(1):1-24. doi: 10.1007/BF02786473.

Abstract

T cell stimulation in the absence of a second, costimulatory signal can lead to anergy or the induction of cell death. CD28 is a major T cell costimulatory receptor, the coengagement of which can prevent anergy and cell death. The CD28 receptor is a member of a complex family of polypeptides that includes at least two receptors and two ligands. Cytotoxic lymphocyte-associated molecule-4 (CTLA-4, CD152) is the second member of the CD28 receptor family. The ligands or counterreceptors for these two proteins are the B7 family members, CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2). This article reviews the CD28/CTLA4 and CD80/CD86 families, and outlines the functional outcomes and biochemical signaling pathways recruited after CD28 ligation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Abatacept
  • Animals
  • Antigens, CD / immunology*
  • Antigens, CD / metabolism
  • Antigens, Differentiation / immunology*
  • Antigens, Differentiation / metabolism
  • B7-1 Antigen / genetics
  • B7-1 Antigen / immunology*
  • B7-1 Antigen / metabolism
  • B7-2 Antigen
  • CD28 Antigens / genetics
  • CD28 Antigens / immunology*
  • CD28 Antigens / metabolism
  • CTLA-4 Antigen
  • Humans
  • Immunoconjugates*
  • Lymphocyte Activation
  • Membrane Glycoproteins / immunology*
  • Membrane Glycoproteins / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction
  • T-Lymphocytes / immunology*

Substances

  • Antigens, CD
  • Antigens, Differentiation
  • B7-1 Antigen
  • B7-2 Antigen
  • CD28 Antigens
  • CD86 protein, human
  • CTLA-4 Antigen
  • CTLA4 protein, human
  • Immunoconjugates
  • Membrane Glycoproteins
  • Abatacept