Abstract
This article reviews the literature on some of the available biomarkers such as p53 and its down-stream effector p21 on superficial bladder tumor biology and their prognostic significance. The role of p53 tumor suppressor gene is controversial in superficial bladder cancer, possibly because analyzing one single effector of a pathway might hide the role of downstream effectors. The aggressiveness of this condition is related to proliferative activity as measured by Ki-67. Further studies are still necessary to draw definitive conclusions about the role of these different biological markers in superficial bladder cancer.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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BCG Vaccine / therapeutic use
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Biomarkers, Tumor / genetics
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Biomarkers, Tumor / immunology
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Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism*
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Cancer Vaccines / therapeutic use
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Carcinoma in Situ / chemistry
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Carcinoma in Situ / genetics
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Carcinoma in Situ / immunology
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Carcinoma in Situ / metabolism*
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Carcinoma in Situ / therapy
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21
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Cyclins
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Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
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Genes, p53 / genetics
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Humans
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Immunohistochemistry
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Ki-67 Antigen
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Predictive Value of Tests
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Prognosis
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Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / analysis
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Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / chemistry
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Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / genetics
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Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / immunology
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Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / metabolism*
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Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / therapy
Substances
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BCG Vaccine
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Biomarkers, Tumor
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CDKN1A protein, human
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Cancer Vaccines
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21
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Cyclins
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Ki-67 Antigen
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Tumor Suppressor Protein p53