A PCR protocol for the detection and serogroup determination of Neisseria meningitidis in CSF from 85 cases of suspected meningitis was evaluated. Screening assays for both IS1106 and the ctrA gene were used to detect meningococcal DNA, and a further two assays using the siaD gene were performed to determine the serogroup. PCR results were compared with results of bacteriological culture and discrepant results resolved by analysis of clinical data and further laboratory test results. The resolved sensitivity and specificity of the PCR screening assay were 89 and 100%, and those of bacteriological culture were 37 and 100%, respectively. The siaD B/C PCR assay was able to determine a serogroup in 85% of cases positive by the PCR screening assay compared with 50% of cases where a serogroup was determined by traditional methods. PCR is a useful tool for diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis when Gram stain and culture tests are negative, a situation that may arise when antibiotic treatment has commenced prior to lumbar puncture.