Abstract
SUMO-1 is a small ubiquitin-related modifier that is covalently linked to many cellular protein targets. Proteins modified by SUMO-1 and the SUMO-1-activating and -conjugating enzymes are located predominantly in the nucleus. Here we define a transferable sequence containing the PsiKXE motif, where Psi represents a large hydrophobic amino acid, that confers the ability to be SUMO-1-modified on proteins to which it is linked. Whereas addition of short sequences from p53 and IkappaBalpha, containing the PsiKXE motif, to a carrier protein is sufficient for modification in vitro, modification in vivo requires the additional presence of a nuclear localization signal. Thus, protein substrates must be targeted to the nucleus to undergo SUMO-1 conjugation.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Amino Acid Sequence
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Carrier Proteins / chemistry
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Carrier Proteins / metabolism
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Cell Nucleus / metabolism*
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Consensus Sequence
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DNA-Binding Proteins / chemistry
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DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism*
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GTPase-Activating Proteins / chemistry
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GTPase-Activating Proteins / metabolism
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HeLa Cells
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Humans
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I-kappa B Proteins*
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NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha
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Recombinant Fusion Proteins / chemistry
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Recombinant Fusion Proteins / metabolism
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SUMO-1 Protein
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Sequence Alignment
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Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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Transfection
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Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / chemistry
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Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / metabolism*
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Ubiquitins / chemistry
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Ubiquitins / genetics
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Ubiquitins / metabolism*
Substances
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Carrier Proteins
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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GTPase-Activating Proteins
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I-kappa B Proteins
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NFKBIA protein, human
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RANGAP1 protein, human
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Recombinant Fusion Proteins
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SUMO-1 Protein
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Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
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Ubiquitins
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NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha