A rabbit antiserum was raised against a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues 403 to 417 of human chromogranin B. This peptide was chosen to match the potential C-terminal end of a putative proteolytic fragment of the protein located between dibasic doublets in positions 366-367 and in positions 418-419 of the precursor. A radioimmunoassay based on this antiserum was developed and used to detect the protein or a fragment thereof in a pheochromocytoma tumor extract. One fragment was purified to homogeneity by successive reverse-phase HPLC chromatographies. The N-terminal sequence established by automated Edman degradation, was N-Y-P-S-L-E-L-D-K-M-A-H-G-Y-G-E-E-S-E-E-E-R corresponding to the 368-389 sequence of human chromogranin B. Taking into account the specificity of the antiserum used for peptide identification and alignment with the precursor sequence, we deduced that the purified peptide was chromogranin B (368-417) and represented a new peptide generated by limited proteolysis of chromogranin B. Combining electrospray mass-spectrometry and enzymatic dephosphorylation, we demonstrated that this peptide was phosphorylated.