Glioblastoma-related gene mutations and over-expression of functional epidermal growth factor receptors in SKMG-3 glioma cells

Acta Neuropathol. 2001 Jun;101(6):605-15. doi: 10.1007/s004010000332.

Abstract

Amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene is found in about 40% of glioblastomas (GBMs) but is rarely detected in GBM cell lines. We confirmed that the exceptional SKMG-3 GBM cell line retained amplified EGFR genes in vitro, and found that these sequences were concentrated on extra-chromosomal DNA particles similar to double-minute chromosomes. The cells contained two other gene mutations that are associated with high-grade astrocytic tumors: extra-chromosomal amplification of the cyclin-dependent kinase-4 (CDK4) gene and a homozygous mutation within the PTEN tumor suppressor gene. Immunoblots revealed very high levels of EGFR, moderately increased expression of CDK4, and no detectable PTEN protein. The overexpressed SKMG-3 EGFRs responded to exogenous ligand and resembled normal rather than mutant receptors. A heterozygous mutation of the p53 gene (p53R282W) correlated with failure of radiation to induce the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21waf1 or an early G1 cell cycle arrest. Although each of these gene mutations occurs in GBMs, SKMG-3 cells had an unusual genotype in that a p53 gene mutation co-existed with amplified EGFR genes. Nonetheless, the SKMG-3 cell line can be exploited as a model to study how oncogenic EGFR signals in GBM cells interact with over-expressed CDK4 and loss of PTEN to confer the malignant phenotype.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Blotting, Southern
  • Brain Neoplasms / genetics*
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / biosynthesis
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / genetics
  • ErbB Receptors / biosynthesis*
  • ErbB Receptors / genetics*
  • Flow Cytometry
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / genetics*
  • Genes, p53 / genetics
  • Genotype
  • Glioblastoma / genetics*
  • Humans
  • In Situ Hybridization
  • Mutation / genetics*
  • Phenotype
  • Signal Transduction / genetics
  • Tumor Cells, Cultured

Substances

  • ErbB Receptors
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinases