Data from phase III clinical trials suggest that high dose chemotherapy (HDC) is currently not indicated for any stage of breast cancer. Therefore HDC should only be considered within the context of clinical trials. Furthermore, there is no significant evidence to support the routine use of taxanes in women with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and further research is required to address this issue. A well-designed randomised controlled trial has shown that expressive support psychosocial therapy does not improve survival of women with MBC. Her2 overexpression seems to be a significant predictor of response to taxanes and anthracyclines, and FISH testing for Her2 seems to be superior to IHC in predicting response to Herceptin. Recent evidence confirms the independent prognostic value of VEGF, UPA and PAI-1 in women with early breast cancer and suggests that such parameters may have a role in selecting systemic therapy. Biological therapy using inhibitors/antagonists of angiogenesis and EGFR seems to be safe and well tolerated. Although the response rates are currently unimpressive, further research using survival as an endpoint is required.