Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins regulate cellular proliferation, differentiation and function, and play an important role in placental development. IGF-II and IGFBP-1 are abundantly expressed by cells at the maternal-fetal interface and mediate cell-to-cell communication between trophoblasts and decidua. Placentae of pre-eclamptic pregnancies show villous cytotrophoblast proliferation, increased syncytial sprout formation and impaired trophoblast invasion. We hypothesized that the expression of IGF-II and IGFBP-1 by cells at the maternal-fetal interface is altered in pre-eclampsia. We determined the regional abundance and cellular localization of IGF-II mRNA and IGFBP-1 mRNA and protein in placentae from normotensive control and pre-eclamptic pregnancies. IGF-II mRNA was expressed in both the chorionic villi and basal plate decidua regions. Increased IGF-II mRNA abundance was observed in the intermediate trophoblasts of peri-infarct regions. IGFBP-1 expression was present only in the decidua of the basal plate and membranes, and this expression was decreased significantly in pre-eclamptic placentae. The increased IGF-II expression in the intermediate trophoblast surrounding placental infarcts suggests a role for IGF-II in placental repair or remodelling. Decreased IGFBP-1 mRNA expression in the basal plate decidua suggests that the increased concentrations of IGFBP-1 the circulation of pre-eclamptic women is not of decidual origin. The altered IGF-II and IGFBP-1 expression at the fetomaternal interface may be important in the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia.
Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd.