Objective: To use gene expression profiles of spondyloarthropathy (SpA) synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMC) to determine if there are transcripts that support the unfolded protein response (UPR) hypothesis, and to identify which cytokines/chemokines are being expressed and which cell fractions are involved.
Methods: Gene expression profiles were generated by microarray screening of SFMC of 5 patients with SpA, 5 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 6 controls. Results were validated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using samples from a larger panel of subjects.
Results: The repertoires of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines expressed by SpA and RA SFMC were very similar: monocyte chemotractant protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin 8 (IL-8), IL-1beta, endothelial-monocyte activating polypeptide II, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. MCP-1 was highly expressed in SpA SFMC. There was enhanced expression of immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (BiP) in SpA, which is compatible with the UPR hypothesis. BiP was most highly expressed in the adherent fraction of SpA SFMC.
Conclusion: Previous data postulating UPR in SpA are based on in vitro experiments with transfected cell lines. Our patient derived data suggest that it also occurs in vivo in the macrophages of SpA joints.