Roles of neutrophil beta 2 integrins in kinetics of bacteremia, extravasation, and tick acquisition of Anaplasma phagocytophila in mice

Blood. 2003 Apr 15;101(8):3257-64. doi: 10.1182/blood-2002-04-1019. Epub 2002 Dec 12.

Abstract

Tick saliva contains anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive substances that facilitate blood feeding and enhance tick-vectored pathogen transmission, including Anaplasma phagocytophila an etiologic agent of granulocytic ehrlichiosis. As such, inflammation at a tick-feeding site is strikingly different than that typically observed at other sites of inflammation. Up-regulation of CD11b/CD18 occurs in host granulocytes following interaction or infection with A phagocytophila, and the absence of CD11b/CD18 results in early increases in bacteremia. We hypothesized that beta 2 integrin-dependent infection kinetics and leukocyte extravasation are important determinants of neutrophil trafficking to, and pathogen acquisition at, tick-feeding sites. A phagocytophila infection kinetics were evaluated in CD11a/CD18, CD11b/CD18, and CD18 knock-out mice using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of blood, ticks, and skin biopsies in conjunction with histopathology. A marked increase in the rate of A phagocytophila infection of neutrophils and pathogen burden in blood followed tick feeding. Infection kinetics were modified by beta 2 integrin expression and systemic neutrophil counts. Significant neutrophil-pathogen trafficking was observed to both suture and tick sites. Despite the prominent role for beta 2 integrins in neutrophil arrest in flowing blood, successful pathogen acquisition by ticks occurred in the absence of beta 2 integrins. Establishment of feeding pools that rely less on leukocyte trafficking and more on small hemorrhages may explain the ready amplification of A phagocytophila DNA from ticks infested on CD11/CD18-deficient mouse strains.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Anaplasma phagocytophilum / isolation & purification*
  • Anaplasma phagocytophilum / physiology
  • Animals
  • Arachnid Vectors / microbiology*
  • Bacteremia / microbiology*
  • CD11a Antigen / genetics
  • CD11b Antigen / genetics
  • CD18 Antigens / genetics
  • CD18 Antigens / physiology*
  • Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / physiology*
  • Ehrlichiosis / blood
  • Ehrlichiosis / etiology
  • Ehrlichiosis / immunology
  • Ehrlichiosis / microbiology*
  • Ehrlichiosis / transmission
  • Female
  • Foreign-Body Reaction / immunology
  • Hemorrhage / etiology
  • Humans
  • Inflammation
  • Ixodes / microbiology*
  • Kinetics
  • Leukocyte Count
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C3H
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Mice, SCID
  • Neutrophils / microbiology
  • Neutrophils / physiology*
  • Skin / microbiology
  • Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
  • Sutures
  • Tick Infestations / complications
  • Tick Infestations / microbiology*

Substances

  • CD11a Antigen
  • CD11b Antigen
  • CD18 Antigens