We analyzed the role of the C677T polymorphism of the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate and the A66G polymorphism of the methionine synthase reductase genes as risk factors for occurrence of spina bifida. The studied population included 106 mothers and 104 children from affected families, and a control group of 100 adults. We found statistically significant differences between the occurrence of the homozygosity in these polymorphisms in the groups of mothers and children with thoracolumbal defects (C677T polymorphism) and lumbosacral defects (A66G polymorphism). We postulate that these polymorphisms should be regarded as independent risk factors for spina bifida.