CYP2C8 plays important roles in metabolizing therapeutic drugs and endogenous compounds. Although genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C8 were reported, there is little information on CYP2C8 polymorphisms in the Japanese population. In the present study, we screened for previously described polymorphisms in the coding region of this gene using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism or allele specific-PCR analyses. Eleven polymorphisms of CYP2C8*2 (I269F), CYP2C8*3 (R139K, K399R), CYP2C8*4 (I264M), CYP2C8*5 (frameshift), T130N, E154D, N193K, K249R, L390S, P404A, and H411L have been comprehensively investigated in at least 200 Japanese individuals. A single subject was heterozygous for CYP2C8*5, and the allele frequency was calculated as 0.0025. The other single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were not found in the Japanese subjects in the present study. Thus, it appears that the frequencies of these alleles in Japanese are extremely low. In addition, concerning the SNPs of T130N, E154D, N193K, K249R, and H411L, it remains clear that these alleles exist as polymorphisms or represent sequence errors or cloning artifacts. Although several SNPs such as CYP2C8*2, CYP2C8*3, CYP2C8*4, and P404A have been reported to reduce the enzymatic activity, pharmacokinetic abnormalities of drugs metabolized by polymorphic CYP2C8 might be rare in Japanese.