Abstract
The Toll-like receptor family recognizes mostly exogenous ligands like bacterial lipopolysaccharides or DNA and activates the inflammatory cell. Evidence is accumulating that these Toll-like receptors are important in cardiovascular pathologies. Recently, expression of Toll-like receptors in arterial and myocardial cells has been shown and mouse knockout and human studies on polymorphisms point to a role of Toll-like receptor 4 in neointima formation and atherosclerosis. It is now becoming clear that these receptors not only serve as receptors for pathogen-associated molecular patterns but are also involved in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular pathologies.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Arteriosclerosis / genetics
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Arteriosclerosis / metabolism
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Cardiovascular Diseases / genetics
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Cardiovascular Diseases / metabolism*
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Cytokines / immunology
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Dendritic Cells / metabolism
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Endothelium, Vascular / immunology
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Endothelium, Vascular / metabolism*
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Humans
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Immunotherapy
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Infections / immunology
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Infections / metabolism*
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Lymphoid Tissue / metabolism
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Macrophages / immunology
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Membrane Glycoproteins / genetics
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Membrane Glycoproteins / metabolism*
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Mice
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Models, Animal
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Myocytes, Cardiac / metabolism
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Rats
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Receptors, Cell Surface / genetics
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Receptors, Cell Surface / metabolism*
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Toll-Like Receptor 4
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Toll-Like Receptors
Substances
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Cytokines
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Membrane Glycoproteins
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Receptors, Cell Surface
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TLR4 protein, human
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Tlr4 protein, rat
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Toll-Like Receptor 4
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Toll-Like Receptors