Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease. It has been shown that neuronal NO synthase (nNOS), the enzyme that constitutively produces NO in brain, is a component of the dystrophin-associated protein complex. The absence of dystrophin causes Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Thus, we attempted to study whether or not a decrease of dystrophin expression would induce a modification in nNOS expression in cultured human neurons. Human fetal neuronal cultures were treated with antisense oligonucleotides against different isoforms of dystrophin and the expression of nNOS tested by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Results showed that nNOS mRNA was significantly decreased by about 35% in neurons treated with brain-specific dystrophin (brain Dp427) antisense, whereas iNOS expression was not affected. Accordingly, a decrease in immunostaining for nNOS was observed in antisense treated neurons compared to controls. Expression of neuronal markers, such as bFGF or synaptophysin, was not affected by the same antisense treatment. Astrocytes were not affected by treatment, as shown by utrophin expression, a dystrophin-like protein that was not modified in pure astrocytic cultures. Thus, we conclude that a decrease of dystrophin in human neurons is associated with a decrease of nNOS expression.