Objective: To assess the relationship between PPAR gamma C161-T polymorphism and Carotid Atherosclerosis in metabolic Syndrome (MS).
Methods: Polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragments length polymorphism was used to study the distribution of the PPAR gamma C161-T polymorphism in 248 metabolism syndrome, 163 essential hypertension (EH) and 115 type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and 121 normal controls. Fasting insulin (FINS), fasting blood glucose (FBG), uric Acid (UA), plasma lipids and ultrasonography for carotid artery were examined.
Results: Waistline and BMI were significantly higher in MS compared with those in control, EH and DM (P < 0.01). systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and pulse pressure (PP) were markedly higher in MS and EH compared with those in DM and control (P < 0.01). The frequencies of the CC, CT and TT were 74.6%, 21.8% and 3.6% in MS respectively, The frequencies of the CC was significantly higher in MS compared with that in control, but T allele carrier (CT + TT) was significantly lower compared with control, DM and EH (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In MS, CC genotype had significantly increased the intima-media thickness (IMT) of common carotid artery and plaque index compared with CT + TT (IMT: 0.84 mm +/- 0.3 mm vs 0.66 mm +/- 0.19 mm; plaque index: 2.19 +/- 1.21 vs 1.66 +/- 1.36, P < 0.05), CC genotype had significantly increased plaque index compared with CT + TT in EH and DM (plaque index: EH: 1.55 +/- 1.23 vs 1.29 +/- 0.92; DM: 1.57 +/- 1.2 vs 1.18 +/- 0.85, P < 0.05); CC genotype had significantly higher SBP compared with CT + TT in EH (P < 0.05), CC genotype had significantly increased plaque index in MS than that in DM and EH (P < 0.01), CC genotype had significantly increased IMT in MS compared with DM. CC genotype had significantly higher SBP and PP compared with CT + TT in MS (SBP: 155 mm Hg +/- 23 mm Hg vs 145 mm Hg +/- 21 mm Hg; PP: 69 mm Hg +/- 8 mm Hg vs 58 mm Hg +/- 8 mm Hg, 1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa, P < 0.05).
Conclusion: In MS, CC genotype was prone to lesion of carotid artery, but CT + TT may reduce lesion of carotid artery, which implicates that PPAR gamma C161-T may play a important role in carotid artery arteriosclerosis.