Aim: To evaluate the surface expression of triggering receptor on myeloid cell 1 (TREM-1), class II major histocompatibility complex molecules (HLA-DR), and the expression of the splicing variant (svTREM-1) of TREM-1 in septic patients and those subjected to major abdominal surgery.
Methods: Using flow cytometry, we examined the surface expression of TREM-1 and HLA-DR in peripheral blood monocytes from 11 septic patients, 7 elective gastrointestinal surgical patients, and 10 healthy volunteers. svTREM-1 levels were analyzed by RT-PCR.
Results: Basal expression of TREM-1 and HLA-DR in healthy volunteers was 35.91+/-14.75 MFI and 75.8+/-18.3%, respectively. In septic patients, TREM-1 expression was 59.9+/-23.9 MFI and HLA-DR expression was 44.39+/-20.25%, with a significant difference between healthy and septic groups (P<0.05) for both molecules. In the surgical patients, TREM-1 and HLA-DR expressions were 56.8+/-20.85 MFI and 71+/-13.8% before surgery and 72.65+/-29.92 MFI and 72.82+/-22.55% after surgery. TREM-1 expression was significantly different (P = 0.0087) between the samples before and after surgery and svTREM-1 expression was 0.8590+/-0.1451 MF1, 0.8820+/-0.1460 MF1, and 2.210+/-0.7873 MF1 in the healthy, surgical (after surgery) and septic groups, respectively. There was a significant difference (P = 0.048) in svTREM-1 expression between the healthy and surgical groups and the septic group.
Conclusion: TREM-1 expression is increased during systemic inflammatory conditions such as sepsis and the postoperative phase. Simultaneous low expression of HLA-DR molecules correlates with the severity of illness and increases susceptibility to infection. Additionally, TREM-1 expression is distinctly different in surgical patients at different stages of the inflammatory response before and after surgery. Thus, surface TREM-1 appears to be an endogenous signal during the course of the inflammatory response. svTREM-1 expression is significantly increased during sepsis, appearing to be an indicator of severity of illness. Together, these data indicate that TREM-1 may play an important role in establishing and amplifying the systemic inflammatory response. TREM-1, HLA-DR, and svTREM-1 expression analysis can provide useful diagnostic and prognostic indicators during SIRS, CARS, and sepsis.