The TP53 polymorphism occurs at codon 72 of exon 4 with two alleles encoding either arginine or proline. The association between this common polymorphism and risk of different cancers has been extensive studied, however various reports are controversial. We have analyzed the 72Pro polymorphic variant in patients with adrenocortical tumors to evaluate whether 72G--> C substitution at codon 72 of TP53 gene may be associated with increased risk for malignancy in adrenal cortex in comparison to the control group. DNA extracted from peripheral leucocytes of 46 Polish patients with adrenocortical tumors (17 malignant and 29 benign) and 50 controls was examined by PCR-HD method followed by direct sequencing. TP53 polymorphism in codon 72 was found in 47% of ACC cases, in 28% of patients with adenomas and in 24% of controls. The genotype Arg/Arg, Arg/Pro and Pro/Pro distribution was respectively 53%/35%/12% for cancers, 72%/28%/0% for benign tumors and 76%/24%/0% for controls. High frequency of 72Pro allele in patients with carcinoma (29%) in comparison to the benign tumors (14%) and controls (12%) was statistically analyzed. We found that 72Pro variant of TP53 gene was associated with a significantly increased risk of ACC (OR = 3.05; 95% CI = 1.17-7.91, p=0.03). Our results suggest that the TP53 codon 72 polymorphism could be associated with susceptibility for adrenocortical cancer in the examined Polish patients.