Quantitative analysis of melanocytic tissue array reveals inverse correlation between activator protein-2alpha and protease-activated receptor-1 expression during melanoma progression

J Invest Dermatol. 2007 Feb;127(2):387-93. doi: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700539. Epub 2006 Aug 31.

Abstract

The identification of molecular markers of melanoma progression is needed to more accurately stage and identify treatments for patients with malignant melanoma. Previously, we demonstrated that loss of the activator protein-2alpha (AP-2alpha) expression results in overexpression of the protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) in human melanoma cell lines. Here, we used a tissue microarray platform that consisted of 64 melanocytic lesions, including dysplastic nevi (N=21), primary melanoma (N=20), and metastatic melanoma (N=23). We analyzed the expression of AP-2 and PAR-1 simultaneously by immunofluorescent microscopy with an automated quantification laser scanning cytometer. AP-2 was highly expressed in normal cutaneous melanocytes and dysplastic nevi but not in melanoma metastases. We observed a significantly higher number of AP-2-positive cells in the dysplastic nevi (P=0.0013) and primary melanoma (P=0.0023) compared to the metastatic melanoma. In contrast, we observed a significantly higher percentage of PAR-1-positive cells in the metastatic melanoma compared to dysplastic nevi (P=0.0072) and primary melanoma (P=0.0138). Increased expression of PAR-1 in metastatic melanomas contributes to tumor progression by modulating expression of genes, such as IL-8, matrix metalloproteinase-2, vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and integrins. These findings support our hypothesis that loss of AP-2 is a crucial event in the progression of human melanoma and contributes to the acquisition of the metastatic phenotype via upregulation of PAR-1.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Disease Progression
  • Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome / metabolism
  • Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome / pathology
  • Fluorescent Antibody Technique
  • Humans
  • Laser Scanning Cytometry
  • Melanocytes / metabolism*
  • Melanoma / metabolism*
  • Melanoma / pathology*
  • Melanoma / secondary
  • Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
  • Receptor, PAR-1 / metabolism*
  • Skin Neoplasms / metabolism*
  • Skin Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Transcription Factor AP-2 / metabolism*
  • Up-Regulation

Substances

  • Receptor, PAR-1
  • Transcription Factor AP-2