Patients with mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) show a vigorous T-cell immune response against Leishmania braziliensis. Because the Th response is associated with inflammation, the non-functional CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) may rely in a less severe inflammatory state. The aim of this study was to investigate the CCR5 gene in a Brazilian population with leishmaniasis compared with healthy control subjects and to determine the progression from cutaneous to MCL in the Delta32 allele carriers. Among 100 patients with Montenegro skin test and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIF) values positive for leishmaniasis, there were 32% women and 68% men. The patients were 89% CCR5/CCR5, 10% CCR5/Delta32, and 1% Delta32/Delta32, while healthy subjects showed a 91% incidence of CCR5/CCR5, 8% of CCR5/Delta32, and 1% of Delta32/Delta32. The CCR5/CCR5 patients (89%) showed a large spectrum of clinical manifestations, where 22.47% had active mucous lesions and 77.53% had cutaneous lesions. In this work, the Delta32 allele carriers (10%) showed only cutaneous manifestations when compared with wild-type individuals. Finally, with regard to the Delta32 allele carriers, a less severe spectrum of clinical manifestations was observed in comparison with wild-type individuals. Although a lack of mucocutaneous lesions was evident among Delta32 allele carriers, the number of individuals studied was small. Therefore, further investigations are needed to elucidate the role of CCR5 in the clinical aspects of leishmaniasis.