Phosphorylation of RNA helicase A by DNA-dependent protein kinase is indispensable for expression of the MDR1 gene product P-glycoprotein in multidrug-resistant human leukemia cells

Biochemistry. 2007 May 15;46(19):5766-75. doi: 10.1021/bi700063b. Epub 2007 Apr 19.

Abstract

Development of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer frequently involves overexpression of the MDR1 gene product P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a drug transporter which severely impedes the efficacy of chemotherapy. Because intensive efforts to identify therapeutics that reverse MDR by inhibiting the drug transport activity of P-gp have not yet met with success, we have focused on the alternative strategy of targeting MDR1 promoter activation to knockdown P-gp expression in cancer cells. We recently identified RNA helicase A (RHA) inhibition as a rational strategy to downregulate P-gp in leukemia cells by showing that RHA RNAi knockdown abrogated P-gp expression in MDR variants of human leukemia HL-60 cells. In that report, we also demonstrated that RHA activated the MDR1 promoter in the MDR variant cells but not in the drug-sensitive counterpart. This led us to hypothesize that P-gp induction by RHA required cooperation with another factor present only in the MDR variants. Here, we identify the RHA cooperating factor as DNA-PK catalytic subunit (cs), and we show that DNA-PKcs resides with RHA at the MDR1 promoter in a multiprotein complex. Furthermore, targeted DNA-PKcs inhibition abrogated P-gp expression in the MDR variant cells. We demonstrate that constitutive multisite RHA phosphorylation producing retarded migration in SDS-PAGE is catalyzed by DNA-PKcs in the MDR variants, and does not occur in the parental cells, which are DNA-PKcs deficient. The indispensable role played by DNA-PK in P-gp overexpression in MDR leukemia cells in this report identifies targeted DNA-PK inhibition as a rational strategy to reverse drug resistance in cancer.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / biosynthesis*
  • Animals
  • DEAD-box RNA Helicases / metabolism*
  • DNA-Activated Protein Kinase / metabolism*
  • Drug Resistance, Multiple
  • Drug Resistance, Neoplasm*
  • Escherichia coli / metabolism
  • Genes, MDR
  • HL-60 Cells
  • Humans
  • Neoplasm Proteins / metabolism*
  • Phosphoproteins / analysis
  • Phosphorylation
  • Promoter Regions, Genetic / physiology
  • Recombinant Proteins / metabolism
  • Spodoptera

Substances

  • ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1
  • Neoplasm Proteins
  • Phosphoproteins
  • Recombinant Proteins
  • DNA-Activated Protein Kinase
  • DHX9 protein, human
  • DEAD-box RNA Helicases