Abstract
Cancer is associated with increased cell growth, and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). The dose-dependent effects of ascorbate (Vitamin C) on cancer cell growth, and expression of MMPs and TGF-beta were examined. Renal-adenocarcinoma, melanoma and mammary cancer cells were dosed with 0-100mM ascorbate and examined for cell survival or proliferation, and expression of MMP-1, MMP-2 and TGF-beta at protein and/or mRNA levels. The lower concentrations of ascorbate significantly inhibited cancer cell viability while stimulating MMPs and TGF-beta expression, indicating elimination of cancer cells with damage to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Conversely, ascorbate at higher concentrations dramatically stimulated cell proliferation and inhibited MMPs and TGF-beta expression, implicating growth and ECM advantage.
Publication types
-
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
-
Adenocarcinoma / drug therapy
-
Adenocarcinoma / genetics
-
Adenocarcinoma / metabolism
-
Antioxidants / pharmacology*
-
Ascorbic Acid / pharmacology*
-
Breast Neoplasms / drug therapy
-
Breast Neoplasms / genetics
-
Breast Neoplasms / metabolism
-
Cell Survival / drug effects*
-
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
-
Extracellular Matrix / drug effects
-
Extracellular Matrix / metabolism
-
Humans
-
Kidney Neoplasms / drug therapy
-
Kidney Neoplasms / genetics
-
Kidney Neoplasms / metabolism
-
Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / genetics
-
Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / metabolism*
-
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / genetics
-
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / metabolism*
-
Melanoma / drug therapy
-
Melanoma / genetics
-
Melanoma / metabolism
-
RNA, Messenger / metabolism
-
Skin Neoplasms / drug therapy
-
Skin Neoplasms / genetics
-
Skin Neoplasms / metabolism
-
Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / genetics
-
Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / metabolism*
-
Tumor Cells, Cultured / drug effects
-
Tumor Cells, Cultured / metabolism
Substances
-
Antioxidants
-
RNA, Messenger
-
TGFB1 protein, human
-
Transforming Growth Factor beta1
-
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
-
Matrix Metalloproteinase 1
-
Ascorbic Acid