The 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome (EMS) is an aggressive, atypical stem cell myeloproliferative disorder associated with chromosome translocations that disrupt and constitutively activate FGFR1 by fusion to diverse partner genes. To explore the possibility of targeted therapy for EMS, we have investigated the use of TKI258, a multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with activity against FGFR, VEGFR, PDGFR, FLT3, and KIT that is currently being assessed for the treatment of a variety of malignancies in phase 1 clinical studies. The viability of Ba/F3 cells transformed to IL3 independence by ZNF198-FGFR1 or BCR-FGFR1 was specifically inhibited by TKI258 with IC(50) values of 150 nM and 90 nM, respectively. Inhibition was accompanied by dose-dependent inhibition of phosphorylation of each fusion gene, ERK, and STAT5. TKI258 also specifically inhibited proliferation and survival of the FGFR1OP2-FGFR1-positive KG1 and KG1A cell lines, resulting in increased levels of apoptosis. Primary cells from EMS patients showed significant, dose-dependent responses in liquid culture and in methylcellulose colony assays compared with controls. This work provides evidence that targeted therapy may be beneficial for patients with EMS.