Dioxin-responsive element-mediated chemical activated luciferase expression (DRE-CALUX) is one of alternative bioassays for the determination of dioxin levels. We have previously established a DRE-CALUX cell line, Huh7-DRE-Luc, by using stable transfection of Huh-7 cells with a reporter plasmid (4xDRE-TATA-Luc) carrying a DRE-driven firefly luciferase gene. It was also shown that arecoline, a major areca nut alkaloid, inhibited the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) activation in Huh-7 cells. The TCDD-activated aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) induces the DRE-CALUX activation and CYP1A1 gene expression via binding to DRE in promoter regions of these dioxin-responsive genes. In the present study, the effect of arecoline on the TCDD-induced activation of DRE-CALUX and CYP1A1 enzyme in Huh7-DRE-Luc and Huh-7 cells, respectively, was examined. It was found that arecoline inhibited TCDD-induced CYP1A1 activation and however enhanced TCDD-induced DRE-CALUX activation. This finding indicates the differential effect of arecoline on the endogenous dioxin-responsive CYP1A1 and on a stably transfected DRE-driven reporter in human hepatoma cells. The present study suggests that induction of DRE-CALUX alone does not necessarily parallel with endogenous CYP1A1 gene expression, and that the reporter assay may detect interactions that are not functional in endogenous gene.