Prothrombogenic factors and reduced antioxidative defense in children and adolescents with pre-metabolic and metabolic syndrome

Clin Chem Lab Med. 2007;45(9):1140-4. doi: 10.1515/CCLM.2007.259.

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to examine prothrombogenic factors and antioxidative defense in obese children and adolescents with pre-metabolic and metabolic syndrome, and to analyze insulin secretion and resistance, early glycoregulation disorders and lipid status.

Methods: Insulin sensitivity was determined using the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), while insulin secretion was determined using the homeostasis model assessment beta (HOMA-beta). Prothrombogenic factors analyzed were plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and fibrinogen. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were measured as markers of antioxidative defense.

Results: Patients with metabolic syndrome were characterized with increased body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and HOMA-IR and HOMA-beta levels, and all had increased blood pressure and triglyceride levels, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, increased PAI-1 levels and reduced antioxidative defense levels. Patients with pre-metabolic syndrome had higher levels of basal and mean insulinemia during an oral glucose tolerance test, higher levels of HOMA-beta and lower levels of antioxidative defense compared to patients with metabolic syndrome.

Conclusions: Negative correlations between antioxidative defense parameters and BMI, abdominal obesity, insulin secretion, systolic blood pressure and atherogenic lipid factors, as well as correlations between PAI-1 and insulin resistance and basal glycemia in the metabolic syndrome group contribute to accelerated atherosclerosis. Positive correlations between PAI-1 and waist circumference and BMI, and negative correlations between BMI and antioxidative defense in the pre-metabolic syndrome patients show that this early stage preceding the metabolic syndrome is also characterized by atherosclerotic complication risks and evident hyperinsulinism and insulin resistance.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Antioxidants / metabolism*
  • Body Mass Index
  • Child
  • Female
  • Glucose Tolerance Test
  • Humans
  • Hyperinsulinism / metabolism
  • Insulin / metabolism
  • Insulin Resistance
  • Insulin Secretion
  • Lipids / chemistry
  • Male
  • Metabolic Syndrome / blood
  • Metabolic Syndrome / diagnosis*
  • Metabolic Syndrome / genetics*
  • Models, Biological
  • Obesity / complications
  • Obesity / diagnosis
  • Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / metabolism

Substances

  • Antioxidants
  • Insulin
  • Lipids
  • Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1