The boxing glove shape of subunit d of the yeast V-ATPase in solution and the importance of disulfide formation for folding of this protein

J Bioenerg Biomembr. 2007 Aug;39(4):275-89. doi: 10.1007/s10863-007-9089-7. Epub 2007 Sep 26.

Abstract

The low resolution structure of subunit d (Vma6p) of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae V-ATPase was determined from solution X-ray scattering data. The protein is a boxing glove-shaped molecule consisting of two distinct domains, with a width of about 6.5 nm and 3.5 nm, respectively. To understand the importance of the N- and C-termini inside the protein, four truncated forms of subunit d (d (11-345), d (38-345), d (1-328) and d (1-298)) and mutant subunit d, with a substitution of Cys329 against Ser, were expressed, and only d (11-345), containing all six cysteine residues was soluble. The structural properties of d depends strongly on the presence of a disulfide bond. Changes in response to disulfide formation have been studied by fluorescence- and CD spectroscopy, and biochemical approaches. Cysteins, involved in disulfide bridges, were analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Finally, the solution structure of subunit d will be discussed in terms of the topological arrangement of the V(1)V(O) ATPase.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Base Sequence
  • Circular Dichroism
  • DNA Primers / genetics
  • DNA, Fungal / genetics
  • Disulfides / chemistry
  • Models, Molecular
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Molecular Weight
  • Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
  • Protein Folding
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary
  • Protein Subunits
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae / enzymology
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae / genetics
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / chemistry*
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / genetics
  • Scattering, Small Angle
  • Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
  • Spectrometry, Fluorescence
  • Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
  • Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases / chemistry*
  • Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases / genetics
  • X-Ray Diffraction

Substances

  • DNA Primers
  • DNA, Fungal
  • Disulfides
  • Protein Subunits
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
  • VMA8 protein, S cerevisiae
  • Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases