Differential expression of angiogenesis associated genes in prostate cancer bone, liver and lymph node metastases

Clin Exp Metastasis. 2008;25(4):377-88. doi: 10.1007/s10585-007-9116-4. Epub 2007 Oct 31.

Abstract

Our objective was to elucidate phenotypic differences between prostate cancer (PCa) liver, lymph node, and bone metastases. PCa metastases were obtained through a rapid tissue acquisition necropsy protocol. We grossly dissected metastatic foci from frozen samples and performed expression analyses using cDNA microarrays. Immunohistochemical analyses using a tissue microarray from thirty individuals with PCa metastases to lymph nodes, liver, and bone was used to confirm the gene expression changes associated with each metastatic site. Transcript alterations statistically-associated with bone metastases included increased expression of IBSP (Bone sialoprotein), F13A1 (factor XIII), and decreased expression of EFNA1 (ephrin-A1) and ANGPT2 (angiopoietin-2) when compared to liver and lymph node metastases. The metastasis-associated changes in proteins involved in coagulation and angiogenesis prompted further analysis of additional factors known to participate in the clotting cascade and blood vessel formation (angiopoitein-1, PAI-1, uPA, PAI-RBP-1 and hepsin). We also assessed tumor-associated microvessel density and distribution in liver, lymph node, and bone metastasis. Intense fibrin(ogen) and fibulin-1 staining was localized to epithelial cells at the periphery of metastatic tumors possibly to facilitate angiogenesis. The expression of hepsin, uPA, PAI-RBP1, PAI-1, and factor XIII may influence fibrinolysis and are regulated by the tumor microenvironment. The expression of angiopoietin-2 and apparent silencing of angiopoietin-1 in PCa bone, liver, and lymph node metastases may be critical for angiogenesis in this tumor type. In addition, the resulting tumor-associated microvessel density and distribution was significantly different between liver and bone metastasis possibly in response to the protein expression changes detailed above.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Angiopoietin-1 / genetics
  • Angiopoietin-2 / genetics
  • Bone and Bones / metabolism*
  • Calcium-Binding Proteins / genetics
  • Factor VIIIa / genetics
  • Gene Expression Profiling*
  • Humans
  • Liver / metabolism*
  • Lymphatic Metastasis
  • Male
  • Neovascularization, Physiologic*
  • Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
  • Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / genetics
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / metabolism*
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / pathology
  • RNA-Binding Proteins / genetics
  • Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / genetics

Substances

  • ANGPT1 protein, human
  • Angiopoietin-1
  • Angiopoietin-2
  • Calcium-Binding Proteins
  • Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1
  • RNA-Binding Proteins
  • SERBP1 protein, human
  • fibulin
  • Factor VIIIa
  • Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator