Protein kinase C-alpha-mediated regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein and urokinase increases astrocytoma invasion

Cancer Res. 2007 Nov 1;67(21):10241-51. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-0030.

Abstract

Aggressive and infiltrative invasion is one of the hallmarks of glioblastoma. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) is expressed by glioblastoma, but the role of this receptor in astrocytic tumor invasion remains poorly understood. We show that activation of protein kinase C-alpha (PKC-alpha) phosphorylated and down-regulated LRP expression. Pretreatment of tumor cells with PKC inhibitors, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, PKC-alpha small interfering RNA (siRNA), and short hairpin RNA abrogated phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced down-regulation of LRP and inhibited astrocytic tumor invasion in vitro. In xenograft glioblastoma mouse model and in vitro transmembrane invasion assay, LRP-deficient cells, which secreted high levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), invaded extensively the surrounding normal brain tissue, whereas the LRP-overexpressing and uPA-deficient cells did not invade into the surrounding normal brain. siRNA, targeted against uPA in LRP-deficient clones, attenuated their invasive potential. Taken together, our results strongly suggest the involvement of PKC-alpha/PI3K signaling pathways in the regulation of LRP-mediated astrocytoma invasion. Thus, a strategy of combining small molecule inhibitors of PKC-alpha and PI3K could provide a new treatment paradigm for glioblastomas.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Astrocytoma / pathology*
  • Astrocytoma / therapy
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Movement
  • Humans
  • Immunoprecipitation
  • Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1 / physiology*
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, SCID
  • Neoplasm Invasiveness
  • Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
  • Protein Kinase C-alpha / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Protein Kinase C-alpha / physiology*
  • Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / pharmacology
  • Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / physiology*

Substances

  • Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1
  • Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
  • Protein Kinase C-alpha
  • Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator
  • Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate