The molecular defect of one large consanguineous Iranian kindred with Leber Congenital Amaurosis (LCA) is presented. The phenotype mapped to 17p13.1 (LCA1) and excluded from five other LCA loci. Sequence analysis of the GUCY2D gene identified a novel homozygous missense mutation (I816S) that segregated with the inherited disease-haplotype in six affected, eight parents, and two normal gene carriers. This mutation was absent in three other normal family members and 92 normal control subjects. In silico analysis predicted that alteration of the highly conserved isoleucine residue at position 816 to serine is deleterious by affecting secondary structure of the GUCY2D protein.