Abstract
Nasal inverted papilloma is a rare benign tumor of epithelial origin with aggressive evolution, bone destruction, recurrence, and malignant transformation. Msx2 is a homeobox gene implicated in organ development, bone metabolism, and tumorigenesis. Using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, Msx2 expression was examined in nasal inverted papilloma and in nontumorigenic tissue counterparts. For the first time, Msx2 was detected in all inverted papillomas but not in the nasal polyps or in the normal mucosa. The protein expression level was directly and significantly associated with tumor recurrence. Furthermore, Msx2 was associated with bone resorption markers receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, suggesting a role in osteolysis. In conclusion, Msx2 expression may represent a useful prognostic marker in inverted papilloma.
MeSH terms
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Acid Phosphatase / metabolism
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Adult
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Aged
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Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis*
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DNA-Binding Proteins / biosynthesis*
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DNA-Binding Proteins / genetics
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Female
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Gene Expression
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Genes, Homeobox / physiology
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Homeodomain Proteins / biosynthesis*
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Homeodomain Proteins / genetics
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Humans
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Immunohistochemistry
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Isoenzymes / metabolism
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Male
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Middle Aged
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Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / genetics
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Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / metabolism
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Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / pathology
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Nose Neoplasms / genetics*
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Nose Neoplasms / metabolism*
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Nose Neoplasms / pathology
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Papilloma, Inverted / genetics*
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Papilloma, Inverted / metabolism*
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Papilloma, Inverted / pathology
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Prognosis
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RANK Ligand / biosynthesis
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RNA, Messenger / analysis
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Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase
Substances
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Biomarkers, Tumor
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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Homeodomain Proteins
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Isoenzymes
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MSX2 protein
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RANK Ligand
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RNA, Messenger
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TNFSF11 protein, human
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Acid Phosphatase
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Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase